牛津模块6 Unit 3 全单元教学设计(译林牛津版高二英语选修六教案教学设计)

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以下是小编为大家准备的牛津模块6 Unit 3 全单元教学设计(译林牛津版高二英语选修六教案教学设计)（共含12篇），仅供参考，欢迎大家阅读。同时，但愿您也能像本文投稿人“白鹭”一样，积极向本站投稿分享好文章。

牛津模块6 Unit 3 全单元教学设计(译林牛津版高二英语选修六教案教学设计)

篇1：牛津模块6 Unit 3 全单元教学设计(译林牛津版高二英语选修六教案教学设计)

Unit 3 Understanding each other

Part One Teaching Design

第一部分教学设计

Aims and requirements

Read an Internet chat room conversation and a travel brochure

Listen to a conversation about showing foreign visitors around a city

Talk about different cultures, traditions and taboos

Write a letter of apology

Make a reference book about the culture of a country

Procedures

● Welcome to the Unit

Step 1：Brainstorming

As we all know, different countries have different cultures and customs. Look at the following pictures. In which countries do people greet each other in the way like the people in each picture do? (Kiss: Some of the South American countries, Russia, France, Arab countries…; Shaking hands: Britain, China…)

In France, it is the custom to shake hands with people in the office every morning.

Step 2：Sharing information

Look at the following pictures and read the captions under them .

Can you match the ways of greeting with the countries?

Country/Area Ways of greeting

Holland putting their hands together and bowing slightly

Thailand kissing each other on one cheek and then the other

The USA greeting each other by touching noses

South America hugging each other

The Middle East shaking hands with each other

Japan bowing to each other

What about an Arab and a Japanese meeting for the first time? As a Chinese, if you are not familiar with greetings from other countries, what might happen?

(Maybe we would feel embarrassed; we might be involved in awkward situations like…)

Step 3: Discussion

1. Do you know of any other ways of greeting that people around the world use?

2. People in different countries greet each other in different ways. Why?

3. Can you think of any other customs that are different in different parts of the world?

Step 4: Homework

1. Search more information about different ways of greetings and some unique customs in some countries.

2. Prepare the Reading part.

Reading Cultural differences

Step 1: Lead-in

Many people like chatting on line, especially you students. You must have many e-pals.

What do you think of online chat?

Do you think it is really a good way to know more things and make more friends?

Have you ever experienced any funny things or awkward situations when chatting with your cyber friends?

Now, we will read an Internet chat room conversation. Surely you will know all about these after you read it. Sometimes online chat does benefit us a lot.

Step 2: Fast reading for general ideas

Go through the passage as quickly as possible and try to find answers to the three questions in part A on Page34. Just focus on and identify the information needed to answer these questions.

Answers

1. He is from Brunei.

2. He comes from UK.

3. No, they don’t. Only the Sultan and his family do.

Step 3: Detailed reading for important information.

1. Let’s read the passage again and complete Parts C1 and C2 on page 36.

Answers

C1 1. Thanksgiving Day is held to celebrate the first harvest after the European settlers went to live in the USA.

2. Turkey.

3. In the West, the polite time to open a present is when someone gives it to a person, because they like to see the person’s reaction.

4. Guests expect presents as a souvenir to remember the big day.

5. Alcohol.

6. In Brunel, you should use your thumb to point at things.

7. In both places, you should take off your shoes before going inside a house.

C2 4 7 3 1 2 6 5

Step 4: Practice

1. Let’s complete Part D (Refer to the text while complete part D)

Answers

D 1d 2c 3f 4g 5b 6e 7h 8a

2. Now, let’s read Ma Li’s diary about her chat room discussion. Fill in blanks with correct words.

E 1)traditions 2)Thanksgiving 3)harvest 4)Europe 5)celebrate

6)weddings 7)embarrassing 8) presents 9)rude 10) thumb

Step 5: Post-reading activities

1. Now let’s make up a dialogue by using the questions in Part F on Page 37. Work in pairs for a few minutes and then present your dialogue to the whole class.

2. There are also cultural differences in different English-speaking countries. For example:

Americans enjoy a good sense of humour; the British take a somewhat different view and believe a formal approach is the best way; the Australians are more informal and straightforward, often enjoying a good laugh and calling their close friends or new acquaintances by their first names.

3. Discussion:

What might happen if people had no idea of other countries’ cultures?

Do you think it might result in embarrassment on inconvenience?

What do you think about “culture shock”?

4. Do you know more information about cultural differences?

In most countries, nodding your head up and down means ‘yes’.

In some parts of Greece and Turkey, however, this motion can mean ‘no’.

In South-east Asia, nodding your head is a polite way of saying ‘I’ve heard you.’

In the United Stated, when someone puts his thumb up, it means ‘Everything is all right.’ However, in Sardinia of Italy and Greece, the gesture is insulting and should not be used there.

Step 6：Language Points

Vocabulary

Words

difference, accumulate, topic, native, accent, tradition,

celebration, settler, end-of-term, wedding, embarrassing, newly-wed, souvenir, clarify, participate, reception, bridegroom, bride, alcohol, drum, adjust, royal, analyse, excitement, misunderstand, summary, habit, custom, expectation, nationality, homeland, anyway, youth, wage, overseas, consultant, approval, ambition, incident, feast, pepper, proper, procedure, pocket, request, remark, religion, generally, certain, concern, greeting, slight, equally, tour, minority, swap, seal, account, bravery, mask, carve, spirit, claw, wolf, belief, ancestral, govern, steam, belong, plain, flat, power, peace, bow, arrow, retell, roast

Useful expressions

in celebration of, first finger, log off, some day, take up, give out, hold up, body language, shake hands, business card, take part in, hunt for, meet with, belong to, have power over

Sentence patterns 1. He gets quite excited whenever it comes to this topic.

2. If you had joined the chat room ten minutes ago, you would have known what we were talking about!

3. Should you come to Brunei, you would have to take off your shoes….

Step 7: Homework

1. Finish Parts A1 and A2 on page 116 in the workbook.

2. Prepare the part Word Power.

● Word Power

Step 1: Brainstorming

Do you have any difficulty in remembering English words? What methods do you usually use in learning new words? Now I’ll give you some tips to learn and remember English vocabulary.

Remember the spelling of a word by its pronunciation.

Remember the spelling of a word by analyzing the formation of the word.

Remember the meaning of a word by making a sentence with it.

Remember the meaning of a word by studying the origin of the word.

English is one of the most widely-spoken languages in the world and it is used as the international working language in many places throughout the world. But where do the English language and all its words come from? Who invented so many new words? Is it possible that English borrowed words from other languages? If so, Can you give some examples?

Step 2: Vocabulary learning

1. Look at Part A. This is an online article about English words borrowed from other languages. Read the article and analyse how words are borrowed from other languages and used in the English language. Finish the following table.

Language Categories of words

French food, entertainment, jobs

German Tools, mechanical, equipment, snacks, geological terms

Italian music, the arts, the military

Arabic spices, chemicals, animals, food, mathematics

2. Look at Part B. It is a spidergram showing some of the words that have been borrowed from other languages and incorporated into English. Please add more examples if possible.

3. Part C serves as a strengthening exercise to check your ability to understand some new words and use them correctly. You should understand the passage and the exact meanings of these words first and then fill in the blanks correctly.

Answers

C (1) Italian (2) Arabic (3) food (4) restaurant (5) jobs (6) ballet (7)confetti

(8) colonel (9) clock (10) rocket (11) German (12) hamburger (13) alcohol (14) zero

4. In this passage (Part C), which words are borrowed from Italian? What was Italy famous for in the 18th century? What does the writer think of the Germans? Which words are borrowed from German? What were the Arabs great for?

Step 3: Vocabulary extension

Look at Part D. The idioms connect a characteristic with an animal or a thing. Read the idioms and guess the meaning of each of them.

Answers

D 1. slept like a dog 2. as cool as a cucumber 3. as poor as a church mouse

4. as busy as a bee 5. as strong as a horse

Step 4: Homework

1. Finish the two exercises on page 122 in Workbook.

2. Complete the e-mail in Part C.

● Grammar and Usage

Step 1: General introduction

The grammar items in this unit focus on unreal conditionals. Unreal conditionals are used to express a condition or situation that is not real or is imaginary. You should pay attention to the forms of the predicate verbs in different tenses when you use sentences in unreal conditionals. You are expected to use unreal conditionals and how to use unreal conditionals correctly.

Step 2: Explanation

1. Read the following sentences.

If my husband hadn’t been caught in the rain, he would not have got a fever.

Nothing would have happened to him if he had not visited his friend on Saturday

If I were you, I would not have visited the friend on Saturday.

In the above sentences, what has been said is unreal. The verb forms like these can also be

called the subjunctive. Can you find out in what cases the unreal conditionals are used? And can you say the sentences in another way, not using the unreal conditionals?

Sample answers

(1) My husband was caught in the rain, so he got a fever.

(2) He visited his friend on Saturday, so something happened to him.

(3) I am not you, so I visited the friend on Saturday.

2. Read Point 4 to see how to form unreal conditionals of the present, past of future time. Use the three structures to translate some sentences.

(1) 如果我是一个学生，我将更加努力地学习。

(2) 如果你昨天去听音乐会的话，你将会遇到她了。

(3) 如果明天下雨的话，会议将会推迟。

Sample answers

(1) If I were a doctor, I would save her life without hesitation.

(2) If you had gone to the concert yesterday, you would have met her.

(3) If it rained tomorrow, the meeting would be put off.

3. Please read Point 3 and you will find out only should, were or had can be used in the inversion. Change the following sentences into their normal order and compare the differences between the two types of sentences.

(1) Should it rain tomorrow, we would not go outing.

(2) Had you come earlier, you would have met my sister.

(3) Were you to take the train, you would be there much sooner.

Answers

(1) If it should rain tomorrow, we would not go outing.

(2) If you had come earlier, you would have met my sister.

(3) If you were to take the train, you would be there much sooner.

For reference

动词的语气--虚拟语气

一、语气的定义和种类

l、语气：语气是动词的一种形式，它表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。

2、语气的种类：

(1)陈述语气: 表示动作或状态是现实的、确定的或符合事实的，用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句。如：We are not ready. 我们没准备好。What a fine day it is! 多好的天气啊!

(2)祈使语气: 表示说话人的建议、请求、邀请、命令等。如: Open the door, please。请打开门。

(3)虚拟语气: 表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测等。如: If I were you, I should study English. 如果我是你，我就学英语了。May you succeed! 祝您成功！

二、虚拟语气在条件从句中的用法

条件句有两类，一类是真实条件句，一类是虚拟条件句。如果假设的情况是有可能发生的，就是真实条件何。在这种真实条件句中的谓语用陈述语气。如: If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, we will go to the park. 如果明天不下雨，我们就去公园。

如果假设的情况是过去或现在都不存在的，或将来不大可能发生的，则是虚拟条件句。如: If he had seen you yesterday, he would have asked you about it. 如果他昨天见到你，他会问你这件事的。(事实上他昨天没见到你，因此也未能问你这件事。)

在含有虚拟条件句的复合句中，主句和从句的谓语都要用虚拟语气。现将虚拟条件从句和主句的动词形式列表如下:

从句主句

与现在事实相反动词的过去式（be的过去式一般用were） would/ should/ could/ might + 动词原形

与过去事实相反 had + 过去分词 would/ should/ could/ might + have + 过去分词

与将来事实相反动词过去式，should + 动词原形，were to + 动词原形 would/ should/ could/ might + 动词原形

注: 主句中的should只用于I、we，但在美国英语中，should常被would代替；从句中的should 可用于各种人称。

l. 表示与现在事实相反的假设和结果。如: If my brother were here, everything would be all right. 要是我哥哥在这儿, 一切都没问题了。

2. 表示与过去事实相反的假设和结果。如: If you had taken my advice，you wouldn't (couldn’t) have failed in the exam. 如果你按照我的建议去做，你一定不会(不可能)考试不及格。

3. 表示与将来事实可能相反的假设和结果。如: If it were Sunday tomorrow, I should (would，could，might) go to see my grandmother. 如果明天是星期天，我就 (可能)去看望我奶奶。If it were to snow this evening, they would not go out. 如果今晚下雪，他们将不出去了。

4. 在条件句中如果出现were, had, should可省去if，将主语与这些词倒装，例如：

Had the doctor come last night, the boy would have saved.

Were I to go to the moon one day, I would see it with my own eyes.

Should it rain tomorrow, we would stay at home.

For reference

Relative items in recent years’ college entrance examination:

1． I was really anxious about you. You _____ home without a word. (全国)

A. mustn't leave B. shouldn't have left C. couldn't have left D. needn't leave

2．-How do you___ we go to Beijing for our holidays? (福建)

-I think we’d better fly there. It’s much more comfortable.

A. insist B. want C. suppose D. suggest

3. I have lost one of my gloves. I it somewhere.

A. must drop B. must have dropped

C. must be dropping D. must have been dropped

4. Eliza remembers everything exactly as if it ___ yesterday. (全国I)

A. was happening B. happens C. has happened D. happened

5. _______ fired, your health care and other benefits will not be immediately cut off.

A. Would you be B. Should you be C. Could you be D. Might you be

Keys: 1-5 BDBDB

Step 3: practice

1. Read the dialogue between Ma Li and Ye Fei on page 40 and fill in each blank with the proper verb form.

Answers

(1) went (2) would expect (3) went (4) would give (5) went

(6) would see (7) did (8) would be (9) had traveled (10) would have found

(11) went (12) would take (13) had (14) would join (15) would know

2. Read the instructions and the articles on page 41 and underline the sentences which use unreal conditionals.

Answers

In my youth, if I could have traveled to another country, I would have, but I had to work, as our family was very poor and needed another wage. That meant I could not finish my education. Ma Li, education is very important. A good education will help you succeed. Should you get into university in the future, you would have to go and take the opportunity. This will enable you to get a good job. Had I had the chance, I would have really enjoyed it. I think I would have studied Medicine. If you should get the chance to go overseas, then you should take it. I think it is very important to try to understand as much about the world as possible and travel helps you to do that. Hopefully you might become a successful business person or a consultant some day. Were you to do that, you would certainly have our approval and we would all be very proud of you. I am an ld man now, but I still have an ambition to travel to Beijing one day. Should I get to Beijing, I would visit the Forbidden City where the emperors once lived. But I wonder, Ma Li, had I had more opportunities when I was growing up, would I have been as happy as I am now?

Step 4: Consolidation

I. Multiple choice

1. If I ____ where he lived, I ____ a note to him.

A. knew, would B. had known, would have sent

C. know, would send D. knew, would have sent

2. Mary is ill today. If she _____, she ____ absent from school.

A. were not ill; wouldn' t be B. had been ill; wouldn't have been

C. had been ill; should have been D. hadn't been ill; could be

3. If you had enough money, what ________?

A. will you buy B. would you buy C. would you have bought D. will you have bought

4. Were I to do it, I ________ it some other way.

A. will do B. would do C. would have done D. were to do

5. I ________ him the answer ________ possible, but I was so busy then.

A. could tell; if it had been B. must have told; were it

C. should have told; had it been D. should have told; should it be

6. You didn't take his advice. ________ his advice, you ________ such a mistake.

A. Had you taken; wouldn't have made B. If you had taken; would make

C. Were you lo take; shouldn’ t have made D. Have you taken; won t have made

7. If he_____ , he ______ that food. ---- Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately.

A. was warned; would not take B. had been warned; would not have taken

C. would be warned; had not taken D. would have been warned; had not taken

8. I didn' t see your sister at the meeting. If she _________, she would have met my brother.

A. has come B. did come C. came D. had come

9. Jane would never have gone to the party ________ that Mary would come to see her.

A. has she known B. had she known C. if she know D. if she has known

10. I didn’t know his telephone number. ____ it, I ____ then.

A. Had I known, would ring him up B. Should I know, would have rung him up

C. If I knew; would ring him up D. Had I known; would have rung him up

II. Translation

1. 如果你听了医生的话，你早就恢复健康了。

--------------------------------

2．如果没有虚拟语气，英语就容易多了。

3．如果她更加努力的话，她就成功了。

---------------------------------------

4．万一他不来，你就代替他。

5．如果我是你，我就不回这个电话。

---------------------------------------

6．如果我的女儿不忙的话，她就会来帮助你。

---------------------------------------

Keys

I. 1-5 BACBC 6-10 ABDBD

II.

1. If you had listened to the doctor, you would have already recovered.

2. If there were no subjunctive mood, English would be much easier.

3. If she had worked harder, she would have succeeded.

4. Should he not come, you would take his place.

5. If I were you, I wouldn't return the call.

6. Were my daughter not so busy, she would come to help you.

●Task Writing a letter to explain cultural misunderstandings

Skills building 1: completing a text

In this part, you will learn how to complete a text by listening. You are expected to learn what to do before and after listening and how to use the skills in practice.

1. Read the guidelines on page 42. Read the instructions out and make sure you understand the four tips about what you should do before you listen.

What is the first thing you need to do before listening? Why should we do this?

What should we do next?

How can we decide what the missing words probably are?

What is the fourth thing about?

2. What do you think we should do after we have finished a passage? (Proofread it to ensure that it makes sense and check whether there are any mistakes in it, include any spelling mistakes.) Remember that it is very important to review the text and make sure there are no mistakes or missing words.

Step 1: showing foreign visitors around

1. Go over the instructions to find out what you are going to do in Part A. Read the diary and try to guess what each of the missing words is by using the methods you have learnt in Skills building 1.

You can do this in pairs.

2. Listening practice: Listen to the recording and fill in the missing words. You may check your guesses at the same time.

Tapescript

Li Lin: Well, I think that was a great day. We showed the three visitors around Beijing and I think they enjoyed it. What were their names again?

Zhu Qing: Well, there was Mr Singh from India, Mr Takashi from Japan and Mr Hudson from the USA.

Li Lin: Yes, I thought it was a good day and we managed to visit quite a few places. We did have a few strange incidents though, didn’t?

Zhu Qing: Mmm, it was very odd how Mr Singh reacted when you held out your left hand. He wouldn’t shake hands with you!

Li Lin: Also, he got a bit upset in the restaurant and refused to try the black pepper beer on the menu. I thought most people liked black pepper beef. Perhaps he would have preferred beef and onions.

Zhu Qing: All the visitors I have taken to that restaurant before have really enjoyed it. Mr Takashi and Mr Hudson liked it. Mr Takashi seemed to have a really good time. He asked so many questions in the Forbidden City that I think I know the history very well now! He must have taken about a hundred photos in a day and he kept buying lots of gifts. Some were very expensive. One thing I noticed though was that he was always giving people his business card. He didn’t look very happy when I just put in my pocket. Also, it was very confusing when he kept making an okay sign. We just didn’t know what he wanted.

Li Lin: Mr Hudson thought the Summer Palace was amazing but he got a bit upset before we got on the boat. It was really a pain that he wanted to wait for the next boat as he thought the first one was too crowded. I thought there was plenty of space on it. Well, I suppose we should volunteer to show another set of visitors around next year---- at least we get to improve our English!

Answers

A: (1) three (2) strange (3) upset (4) shake hands (5) beef

(6) gifts (7) business cards (8) OK (9) crowded (10) space

3. Listen to the tape again and try to answer the following questions:

Which tourist attractions did the two students show the three foreigners around? (The Forbidden City and the Summer Palace.)

Why did the writer feel strange about Mr Singh? ( Because he looked upset when the writer

held out his left hand to shake hands with him.)

Where is Mr Singh from? ( He is from India.)

Where is Mr Takashi from? ( He’s from Japan.)

Do you think the OK sign made by Mr Takashi means ‘very good’ or ‘great’? (No.)

Why wouldn’t Mr Hudson get on the boat? (He thought it was too crowded.)

4. Read the first paragraph of Part B and find out what the word ‘taboo’ means. You can go back to the diary entry in Part A. Then read the rest of the article and circle the taboos in different cultures. Find out the reason why Mr Takashi did not look very happy when the student just put his business card in his pocket.

Answers

B: Paragraph 2

…, if you are from India, you may not eat beef because of your religion.

Paragraph 3

In India, it is impossible to shake hands or give someone something with your left hand. Japanese

people may bow and even give out their business cards to greet others and get upset if people do

not look at the cards carefully. So remember not to just put them in your pocket without looking.

5. Read the guidelines in Part C to know what you will do in this part. Listen to the recording to

get more information about cultural habits.

Tapescript

Teacher: From my experience, people from the USA often feel uncomfortable if people are in their ‘personal space’ ( about fifty centimeters around their body). But I heard that business people from Asia have a different idea about personal space and usually stand closer than some people from the USA might like. Latin Americans are the same, and like to greet their colleagues with a hug. I also noticed that in the USA, gift-giving is not part of the culture unlike in many other countries. I saw that gift-giving is very important in Japan and on a trip, Japanese people must bring back lots of gifts. There are also signs which mean different things in different countries. In the USA, an ‘OK’ sign is formed by touching the thumb to the index finger. This is a positive sign in the United Stated, but in France, the same sign means ‘zero’ or ‘worthless’ and in Japan, it is a request for small change.

Skills building 2: asking questions

1. There are many types of questions you can ask. They are as follows:

Do you know…?

Could you please tell me if/whether…?

Please tell me if/whether…

Who is…?

Please tell me his/her name.

When/Where did…?

Please tell me when/where…

How did…?

Do you know how to…?

Why did…?

Can you tell me the reason why…?

2. Read the guidelines on page 44. Make some sentences by using the correct question words.

Step 2: asking about cultural differences

1. Read the instructions to make sure you know what you are going to do. Work individually to form the eight questions in this part.

Answers

(1) What do some people from India not eat?

(2) Which hand shouldn’t be used to shake hands with or give things to people from India?

(3) What do Japanese people have to buy when they travel anywhere?

(4) What should you do when a Japanese person gives you a business card?

(5) What does the OK sign mean to Japanese people?

(6) Why do people from the USA not like crowded places?

2. Work in pairs to do the question-and-answer exercise according to what you have read in the magazine article on page 42 and what you have heard in the recording.

Answers

(1) Some people from India do not eat beef.

(2) The left hand shouldn’t be used to shake hands with or give things to people from India.

(3) When they travel anywhere, Japanese people have to buy many things.

(4) When a Japanese person gives you a business card, you should look at the card carefully.

(5) The OK sign means a request for some small change for Japanese people.

(6) People from the USA feel uncomfortable if others are in their ‘personal space’, which is about 50 centimetres around them.

Skills building 3: writing a letter of apology

In this part, you will read about how to write a letter of apology to explain misunderstandings.

1. There are differences between writing letters in Chinese and writing letters in English. In a formal English letter, you should first write your address and the date. Here is the format of a letter as an example. Sun Ting from Beijing Sunshine Secondary School wants to write a letter to her friend Tan Yi in Sunshine Town:

Beijing Sunshine

Secondary School

Sunshine Town

Beijing 100000

Date 10 June

Tan Yi

88 Sunny Street

Sunshine Town

Beijing 100000

Dear Tan Yi,

( Content of the letter)

Yours sincerely,

Sun Ting

2. If you want to make an apology, what do you usually say? (I apology for…; I want to apology for…)

What do we do if we want to write a letter of apology?

Should we give some explanations?

Step 3: explaining misunderstandings

In this part, you will use the information about taboos in different cultures in Steps 1 and 2, and use the skills you have learnt in Skills building 3 to write a letter to explain how the misunderstandings arose when you showed the three foreigners around Beijing.

1. Read the diary entry and the article in Step 1 again and then discuss in pairs what should be included in the letter. Choose one of the three visitors to write your letter of apology to.

2. Choose a recipient and write the letter of apology. Read your letter to the whole class and try to improve it.

●Project Making a reference book

Part A

1. Answer the following questions:

Every country has some or many ethnic groups. How many ethnic groups do we have in China?

Do you know any different cultures and customs between these groups? What about the ethnic groups in other countries in the world?

If you are to do some research on the cultures, traditions, customs and way of life of different minorities, which minority group will you focus on?

Do you know where you can find the information you need?

2. Scan and skim the four tours and find out in which countries these ethnic groups live. Read the travel brochure carefully and finish the table below.

Ethnic group In which country What to eat Where to live Specific events

Inuit Canada animals, birds and fish Igloos or tents have large summer gatherings

Aborigines Australia food from the bush like lizards and snakes have Aboriginal ceremonies,

play the didgeridoos and use boomerangs

Maoris New Zealand fish and sweet potatoes wooden houses do a dance called the Haka,

eat food cooked in underground ovens and go night fishing

American Indians The USA buffaloes roasted over an open fire teepees wear buffalo skin clothes and feather headdresses,

do a dance called the Sun Dance and hold a bow and arrow competition

3. Do Parts B1 and B2 on page in Workbook to practice using words and phrases learnt in the reading material.

Part B

1. Discuss the eight questions given in this part in groups. Decide which minority culture you want to research and what topics you want to focus on in your research and how to find the information you need. Divide the different tasks among your group members. Each group should make a reference book about an ethnic group with a different culture.

2. Present your reference book to the whole class.

3. Do Parts D1 and D2 on page 119 in Workbook.

●Self-assessment

This section aims to help you determine the progress you have made, what you have achieved and what else you can do to improve your English.

In this unit, 18 items are listed, each with a score of 5, making a total score of 90. These items cover the main study targets in this unit, such as skills in listening, speaking, reading and writing, the use of vocabulary and grammar items as well as doing activities in English. Through assessing yourselves as learners, you can evaluate how well you have achieved the goals in this unit.

The colour bar with five levels shows how confident you yourselves feel about what you have learned. In part A, some items are presented to you and you are asked to check how well you think you’ve developed these skills. Each item corresponds to something you’ve learnt in this unit. For example, by finishing Step 3 on page 45 without any difficulty, you’ll know whether you are able to write a letter of apology. You have the opportunity to evaluate your own skills and abilities in English. If you feel very confident about one item, you get a score of 5. If you feel slightly confident about another item, you get a score of 2. By adding up all the scores you get and dividing it by the total number of items, you’ll get a percentage, which shows your overall level. If you feel there are some items you are not confident about or just slightly confident about, you can think about how to improve on them. In Part B, you are asked to make an action plan, so you will know what to do and how to take some effective measures to improve your confidence.

Part Two Teaching Resources

第二部分教学资源

●Section 1 A text structure analysis of Cultural difference

I. A tree diagram of the text

II. A retold version of the text

Ma Li has to do her homework on cultural differences. So she goes online to chat with others and find some information she needs.

She gets to know English and American people have unbelievable differences in culture even though they both speak English. For example, the British may be puzzled when Americans talk about Thanksgiving and the huge turkey they eat. There are different reactions in the West and the East when they get presents. Westerners like to open them as soon as they get one. Though there are similarities between wedding traditions in the west, there are also differences between different western countries. In Italy, guests expect to get presents from the newly-weds while the guests are expected to give presents to them in the UK. In Brunei, a male guest has to sit with the bridegroom and the other men and a female guest has to be with the bride and the other women in a different area. What’s more, if you go to Brunei, you should point with your thumb instead of your index finger. You shouldn’t wear yellow. Either.

So remember when in Rome, do as the Romans do.

III. Translation of reading and project

Reading

文化差异

马莉：嗨，大家好。我的名字叫马莉。我是个来自北京的女孩。今天我想跟大家聊-聊，尽量积累更多有关文化差异方面的知识，因为我要完成一个有关文化差异方面的家庭作业。

瓦利德：嗨，马莉，我是来自文莱的瓦利德。这是-个非常有趣的话题。在我们文莱的这个学校里我们总是在体验文化差异，因为我们有几位以英语为母语的英语教师。其中一位来自美国，另外两位来自英国。虽然他们说的是同-种语言(只是带有不同的口音)，在文化方面却有着令人难以置信的差异。

马莉：真的吗?

瓦利德：是的，你可以从美国教师和英国教师各自的传统上发现文化差异的例子。我们的美国教师总是谈论感恩节和他们在感恩节上吃的大火鸡。每当谈到这个话题时他就格外兴奋。而英国教师就不知道对方在谈些什么，也不知道为什么要过感恩节。

马莉：嗯，我也不知道。

瓦利德：哦，感恩节当初与从欧洲迁居美国大陆的首批移民迁居后庆祝他们的第一个丰收有关。

彼得：嗨，瓦利德，我发现你又在开讲座了!这次是什么话题呢?

瓦利德：哦，你好，彼得。嗯，要是你在十分钟前就进入聊天室的话，你就知道我们在谈些什么了! 我只不过是在告诉马莉有关文化之间的差异。

彼得：嗨，马莉，见到你很高兴。我来自英国。我猜想瓦利德已经告诉你关于那位英国老师在期末典礼上一收到礼物马上就打开的事情了吧?

马莉：不，他还没有说呢，不过，我的美国朋友杰克就是这么做的。

彼得：嗯，西方人都是这么做的。当有人送给你一份礼物时，你不打它是很不礼貌的行为。我们喜欢看到对方对礼物的反应。我们觉得，不打开礼物的做法非常奇怪!嘿，你知道吗，尽管西方的婚礼传统有很多相似之处，如抛洒五彩纸屑，但不同的西方国家往婚礼方面也还是有差别的。一旦出错可能会非常尴尬!在意大利参加婚礼和在英国参加婚礼是不-样的。在英国，客人应该给新人礼物；而在意大利，新人要给来宾礼物作为纪念，让大家记住这个重要的日子。

马莉：所以，说得更清楚一些，如果我在英国结婚，我会得到客人的礼物；而如果我在意大利结婚，我得给客人礼物。真有趣!在中国，我们总是大办筵席来庆祝婚礼。

瓦利德：有意思!在文莱，如果男士参加一个婚礼招待会，他得和新郎以及其他男士坐在一起。新娘和其他女土得坐在不同的区域。还有-个区别是：我们在婚礼上提供食物、软饮料、茶和咖啡，但没有白酒!而且，你很可能睡不了什么觉，因为我们连续好几个小时击鼓庆祝婚礼------有时候通宵!

彼得：通宵?

瓦利德：是的，我们这里的人都已经习惯了。

马莉：那么，在你们国家还有哪些事情与别的国家不一样呢，瓦利德?

瓦利德：嗯，你知道，在很多国家人们用食指来指东西。我们觉得这样的做法是粗鲁的，所以我们用大拇指来指东西。看新来的外教努力适应这个动作的样子很是滑稽。哦，还有，如果你来到文莱，你不能穿着黄颜色的衣服。

马莉：为什么呢?

瓦利德：因为黄颜色是皇室的颜色，只有苏丹与其家人能够穿着黄颜色。还有一件事是，如果你来到文莱，你进别人家门之前得脱鞋!

马莉：这和中国城市里的习俗是一样的!所以，彼得，如果你去文莱或者中国的城市，你要记得在进入别人的房子之前先脱鞋!好了，各位，我要下线了。今天的聊天真的很有趣。我想现在我对不同的文化以及什么是恰当的行为方式有了更多的了解。这确实对我的作业有帮助!我希望我们大家以后能够再次聊天。毕竟，了解文化差异是更多地了解对方的-个好办法。祝大家愉快!

Project

民族风情体验之旅--与众不同的旅游公司。我们愿意给您提供机会，让您接触不同的少数民族文化，亲身体验他们的传统、风俗和生活方式。

路线1--囚纽特体验游

这是一个和加拿大努纳维特区的因纽特人面对面的机会。同因纽特人相处的日子里，你将有机会乘坐狗拉雪橇、划海豹皮制成的皮筏子。

如果你不吃肉，那本次旅行就不适合你了，因为因纽特人的主食就是动物、鸟和龟。这就意味着他们需要四出活动以采集食物。当他们在北极圈最南端的时候，游客将加入他们。你将居住在雪块砌成的拱形圆顶小屋里，或是居住在帐篷里，穿着用动物毛皮缝制的衣服。

因纽特人通常按照小的家庭单位居住和生活，但会举行大型夏日聚会，大家享受丰盛的食物、举行庆祝活动，同时相互讲故事。你将有机会参加一个这样的大型聚会活动。你还有机会参加击鼓和跳舞，聆听他们传统的英勇的故事，还可以参与游戏项目!跳舞的时候，他们或许还会邀请你戴上一个特别的专门用来跳动物舞蹈的面具，这个面具通常是用木头雕刻而成的。因纽特人相信动物灵魂。他们的珠宝都是用猫头鹰的爪子、狼的骨头和鸟的头盖骨做成的，你将有机会亲手做一些这种不同寻常的珠宝。

路线2--澳大利亚土著历险之旅

本次旅行的目的地是澳大利亚的卡喀杜，其中包括要在卡喀杜一个土著村庄逗留三天。在这里，你将有机会目睹基于古老的土著信仰之上的、人们又唱又跳的土著仪式。澳大利亚土著相信，是 “太祖神灵”创造了地球上所有的人、动物、植物和鸟类。他们相信，“太祖神灵”将人、植物和鸟类安置在不同的地方，制定规则和律法来管理他们。这些土著仪式有时可持续好几个小时之久。

土著人从周围的灌木丛中采集食物，常常深入洞穴里捕猎大型蜥蜴和蛇。你将有机会品尝一些非常奇怪的食物!本次旅行过程中你还会了解到澳大利亚土著乐器，比如迪吉里杜管，以及他们使用的狩猎武器之-回飞镖。

路线3--神秘的毛利人

新西兰现为毛利民族的家园。据信毛利人来自太平洋的波利尼西亚群岛。他们给新西兰带来了在歌舞、雕刻和编织方面有丰富内涵的波利尼西亚文化。毛利人信仰多神教，如信仰森林之神和海洋之神。人们通过歌舞的形式来纪念诸神。

毛利人有一个传统的聚会房舍，他们在这里欢迎客人的到来。这将是你会见毛利人并参加其哈卡舞的地方。

你将住在罗吐鲁阿地区当地一户人家的木屋里。在那里，你将品尝到鱼以及用叶子包裹起来然后在滚热的石头上蒸煮的红薯。你将有机会吃到用地锅做成的食物。你还有机会在夜晚出去捕鱼。

路线4--美洲印第安土著历险之旅

美洲印第安土著民族有许多不同的部落。在本次行程中，你将参观北美洲中部的-个部落。他们被称为平原印第安人，因为他们生活在乎坦开阔的土地上。平原印第安人信奉至上神，至上神对包括动物、树木、石头和云彩在内的一切拥有控制权。

你会睡在一个特别的帐篷里，这是一个印第安人用树皮或兽皮制成的圆锥形帐篷，你将穿着用北美野牛皮缝制的衣服，戴着用羽毛制成的头饰。你还会参加拜日舞，拜日舞是-个非常重要的仪式，在那里你还会见到土著人抽和平烟斗。你还会看到射箭比赛，这个比赛的目的是为了重新讲述过去的平原印第安人是如何狩猎的。你吃的食物将会有在户外烧烤的野牛肉。

● Section 2 Background information about Cultural differences

I. April Fool’s Day-History, Traditions and more

Unlike most of the other nonfoolish holidays, the history of April Fool's Day, sometimes called All Fool's Day, is not totally clear. There really wasn't a “first April Fool's Day” that can be pinpointed on the calendar. Some believe it sort of evolved simultaneously in several cultures at the same time, from celebrations involving the first day of spring.

The closest point in time that can be identified as the beginning of this tradition was in 1582, in France. Prior to that year, the new year was celebrated for eight days, beginning on March 25. The celebration culminated on April 1. With the reform of the calendar under Charles IX, the Gregorian Calendar was introduced, and New Year's Day was moved to January 1.

However, communications being what they were in the days when news traveled by foot, many people did not receive the news for several years. Others, the more obstinate crowd, refused to accept the new calendar and continued to celebrate the new year on April 1. These backward folk were labeled as “fools” by the general populace. They were subject to some ridicule, and were often sent on “fools errands” or were made the butt of other practical jokes.

This harassment evolved, over time, into a tradition of prank-playing on the first day of April. The tradition eventually spread to England and Scotland in the eighteenth century. It was later introduced to the American colonies of both the English and French. April Fool's Day thus developed into an international fun festival, so to speak, with different nationalities specializing in their own brand of humor at the expense of their friends and families.

Mexico's counterpart of April Fool's Day is actually observed on December 28. Originally, the day was a sad remembrance of the slaughter of the innocent children by King Herod. It eventually evolved into a lighter commemoration involving pranks and trickery.

Pranks performed on April Fool's Day range from the simple, (such as saying, “Your shoe's untied!), to the elaborate. Setting a roommate's alarm clock back an hour is a common gag. Whatever the prank, the trickster usually ends it by yelling to his victim, ”April Fool!“

Practical jokes are a common practice on April Fool's Day. Sometimes, elaborate practical jokes are played on friends or relatives that last the entire day. The news media even gets involved. For instance, a British short film once shown on April Fool's Day was a fairly detailed documentary about ”spaghetti farmers“ and how they harvest their crop from the spaghetti trees.

April Fool's Day is a ”for-fun-only“ observance. Nobody is expected to buy gifts or to take their ”significant other“ out to eat in a fancy restaurant. Nobody gets off work or school. It's simply a fun little holiday, but a holiday on which one must remain forever vigilant, for he may be the next April Fool!

II. 文化震撼与调适

「文化震撼」（Culture Shock）主要是来自于两个不同文化差异而引起。可以发生在任何时候，任何新环境。很多时候，「文化震撼」会引起身体上的一些症状：如头痛、胃囗不好、睡眠失调或者心理上的焦虑、沮丧。

几乎每一个留学生都经验过文化震撼, 其实文化震撼并不是指突发一次即结束的 ”shock“ 的感觉，而是在一段时间内，密集式的有强有弱的震惊，仓惶和被冲击到的感觉。过去的文化背景和新文化差异愈大时，震撼的感觉会愈强且愈密集。文化震撼到结束，其实就是一个适应新文化的过程。对留学生来说，它通常有四个阶段：

1.抵美初期：这时候最急着学习、认识新环境、找寻住所、安排生活、选课和练习英文。整个

人充满热情和自信，急着安顿下来，同时又想赶快尝试许多事情。

2.蜜月期：你开始慢慢习惯新的环境时，适应的「蜜月期」就开始了。在这阶段，常常会觉得美国好多地方都「好好！」

3.震撼期：随着你更深入的接触美国文化，蜜月期就快结束了，而震撼期接着开始。这个阶段最主要的特色就是困惑和不舒服（包括生理和心理）。这时特别要注意身体健康，保持均衡饮食和适度运动。你必须试着调整自己，度过文化震撼。以下建议或许有些帮助：（1）保持你自己的观点；（2）重新评估你的期望；（3）敞开胸怀并培养敏锐的观察力（4）不要退缩：埋在书堆不是最好解决问题的方法，你必须去接触人、接触生活；（5）加强英文；（6）学会感谢；（7）找寻帮助。

4.恢复期

III 一般及社交礼仪

入境就要随俗，了解一些一般的美式生活礼仪是必要的，免得在各种场合里，做出不合宜的举动，使自己或对方尴尬。

1.一般礼仪：

一般而言，美国人在日常生活起居是大而化之，不讲俗套；和陌生人打打招呼，不见得便是想和你做友；一场愉快的交谈，不见得会变成知心莫逆，只有主动接触，以愉快的心情应对。以下是一些一般礼仪提供参考：

（1）常面带微笑，碰到认识的朋友时，主动的问候对方，别人问候你，也要反问候对方，表示关心。

（2）说话时语气诚恳、态度大方，当别人问候你时，回答尽量简洁。

（3）多赞美对方。

（4）到别人家作客时，有机会就要「赞不绝囗」。

（5）要注意自己的仪容整洁。

（6）别忘了说「Excuse me」，「Please」和「Thank You」。

2.社交礼仪：

（1）时间观念：约会应准时，如赴宴则最好迟到几分钟；如果早主人先到，反而失礼。若有紧急状况无法准时赴约，必须电话通知和解释，绝不可无疾而终，随意放人空等。

（2）赴宴：美国人会常说「随时来找我」，有些邀约是相当诚恳的，但拜访前仍应事先电话连系，确定时间，以免自己的「随时」而造成别人的不便。

（3）餐桌礼节：

a.餐巾用来拭嘴，切忌用来擦手或餐具。

b.注意使用刀叉顺序，以及叉匙性质。

c.刀叉斜放盘缘，表示尚在用餐之中；若完全放在盘中，则表示已使用完毕。

d.盐、胡椒瓶倘离座远，不可伸手去取，而须请隔座代劳递送。

e.上甜点或咖啡时，主人可开始致词，主宾亦可利用此时答谢。

（4）行路乘车：

行路一般以右为尊，女士同行，男士应走左边，出入应为女士推门。搭车时，车主驾车，前座为尊，馀则以后座右侧为尊。自己开车时须先为客人开车门，等坐定后始上车启动。

IV美国重要节日

节日通常有其特殊的文化背景，节日的仪式也有其特殊的意义。一年中，美国人按照传统习惯要欢度许多节日，庆祝方式各不相同。根据时间先后，主要节日有：

1.新年（New Year's Day）：

一月一日美国人过新年，但最热闹的是除夕晚上。

2.情人节（St. Valentine's Day）：

二月十四日，是情侣们交换礼物，表示爱意的欢乐节日。

3.圣派克节（St. Patrick's Day）：

三月十七日，纪念爱尔兰（Ireland）守护神圣派克。

4.复活节（Easter）：

复活节是基督教纪念耶稣复活的一个宗教节日。每年春分过去，第一次月圆后的第一个星期日就是复活节。如果月圆那天正好是星期日，复活节将延迟一周举行。彩蛋和兔子是复活节的象徵。复活节的传统食品主要有羊肉和火腿。

5.阵亡将士纪念日（Memorial Day）：

阵亡将士纪念日是美国大多数州都要纪念的节日，许多州将它订在五月的最后一个星期一。

6.独立日（Independence Day）：

独立日即美国的国庆节，日期为七月四日，以纪念一七七六年七月四日大陆会议通过「独立宣言」。

7.劳动节（Labor Day）：劳动节是美国全国性节日，为九月的第一个星期一，放假一天，以示对劳工的尊重，通常各地会有游行活动。

8.万圣节（Halloween）：

万圣节（All Saints' Day）是西方的传统节日，时间为十月卅一日。万圣节前夜，孩子们装扮成妖魔鬼怪，手提「杰克灯」，跑到邻居家门前，高声喊着：「Trick or Treat」，不给糖果的邻居就会遭到小孩的恶作剧，学校通常也有庆祝万圣节的化妆晚会。

9.感恩节（Thanksgiving Day）：

十一月的最后一个星期四是感恩节。

10.圣诞节（Christmas）：

十二月二十五日圣诞节，纪念耶稣诞辰，是美国最大最热闹的节日。

V. 阿拉伯国家之禁忌

莫夸奖任一中东国家, 不能双手交叉着说话, 洋娃娃不能当礼物, 禁穿有星星图案的衣服, 不送酒

VI. Valentine's Day

St. Valentine's Day has roots in several different legends that have found their way to us through the ages. One of the earliest popular symbols of the day is Cupid（爱神丘比特）, the Roman god of love, who is represented by the image of a young boy with bow and arrow.

February 14 was also a Roman holiday, held in honor of a goddess. Young men randomly chose the name of a young girl to escort to the festivities. The custom of choosing a sweetheart on this date spread through Europe in the Middle Ages, and then to the early American colonies. Throughout the ages, people also believed that birds picked their mates on February 14!

Whatever the odd mixture of origins, St. Valentine's Day is now a day for sweethearts. It is the day that you show your friend or loved one that you care. You can send candy to someone you think is special. Or you can send roses, the flower of love.

Americans of all ages love to send and receive valentines.

For teenagers and adults, major newspapers throughout the country have a Valentine's Day offer. Anyone can send in a message, for a small fee of course, destined for a would-be sweetheart, a good friend, an acquaintance or even a spouse of fifty years. The message is printed in a special section of the newspaper on February 14.

●Section 3 Words and expressions from Reading

●Welcome to the unit

1. Look at the pictures below and discuss the following questions with your partner. (P33)看下面的图画, 并与你的搭档讨论下面的问题.

1) below

adv. 1) at or to a lower level, position or place 在或向较低处

She looked down from the mountain to the valley below.

2) under the surface 在地下

The captain told the sailors to go below.

prep. Lower than; under 在…下;低于

Children below the age of 16 are not allowed to enter.

2) following

adj. next (to be mentioned) 随后的

The child was sick in the evening, but on the following day he seemed well again.

prep. after an event or as a result of 在…之后

Following the speech, there will be a few minutes for questions.

2. In the Middle East, Arabs greet each other by touching noses. (P33) 在中东, 阿拉伯人的见面礼是互相碰鼻子.

touch

vt. 1) be or come together with 9sth. else) so that there is no space between 接触,触及

One of the branches was touching the water.

2) make (sb./sb.s feelings) sympathetic or sad 感动(某人); 触动(某人的感情)

We were all deeply touched by his tragic experience.

touch用作名词的相关短语:

get in touch with 与…取得联系

keep in touch with 与…保持联系

lose touch with 与…失去联系

out of touch with 与…不联系

●Reading--- Cultural differences

1. Today I would like to talk to you guys and try to accumulate some more information about cultural differences because I have to do a piece of homework on cultural differences. (P34) 今天我想和伙计们谈谈, 并想搜集更多的关于文化差异的信息.因为我必须完成一份关于文化差异的家庭作业.

accumulate

vt. &vi. 1) gradually get or gather together an increasing number or quantity of sth. 积累,聚集

By investing wisely she accumulates a fortune.

2) increase in number or quality 增加

Dust or dirt soon accumulate if a house is not cleaned regularly.

2. This is a very interesting topic. (P34) 这是个很有趣的话题.

topic

n. (c) a subject which is discussed, written about or studied:

Our discussion ranged over various topics, such as acid rain and the hole in the ozone layer.

注意比较:

theme

n. (c) the main subject of a talk, book, film, etc. or a short, simple tune on which a piece of music is based: 主题

The theme of loss runs through most of his novels.

title (NAME)

n. (c) the name of a film, book, painting, piece of music, etc: 题目

The title of Evelyn Waugh's first novel was 'Decline and Fall'.

And this next record is the title track on the album 'The Red Shoes' (= the piece of music and the

record are both called 'The Red Shoes').

3. Here at my school in Brunei, we experience cultural differences all the time because we have some native English teachers. (P34) 在文莱, 我们在学校里一直能体会到文化差异, 因为我们有几位以英语为母语的老师.

all the time 一直

The letter I was searching for was in my pocket all the time.

相关高考试题

----Can the project be finished as planned?

----Sure, ______ it completed in time, we’ll work two more hours a day. （福建）

A. having got B. to get C. getting D. get

答案：B

4. He gets quite excited whenever it comes to this topic.（P34）一谈到这个话题，他就很兴奋。

get excited (变得)兴奋起来

He got excited when he heard the news.

Note:（1）get+ p.p. 使自己处于某种状态和情况；或表被动意义。如：

get dressed 穿上 get married 结婚

get burnt 烧伤，晒黑了 get paid 得以付钱

get drunk 喝醉酒 get started 开始

（2）get + adj. 表示达到某种状态或情况

get well/bored/hungry/worried/fat/fit/cold, etc.

come to

1) to reach a particular point or state:

His hair comes right down to his shoulders.

He's tiny, he doesn't even come up to my chest!

And now I come to (= I will mention) my main point.

The war had just come to an end (= ended).

2) to be a particular total when numbers or amounts are added together:

That comes to 25.

3) If you come to a decision, arrangement etc., you make a decision or decide what to think about sth.:

We haven't come to a decision on the matter yet.

Have you come to any conclusions about the story yet?

4)to become conscious again after an accident or operation:

Has he come to yet?

5) If a thought or idea comes to you, you suddenly remember or start to think about it:

I can't remember his name - it'll come to me in a minute.

相关高考试题

Most of us know we should cut down on fat, but knowing such things isn’t much help when it ______ shopping and eating. (2006天津)

A. refers to B. speaks of C. focuses on D. comes to

答案：D.

5. I suppose Waled has already told you about the British teacher who opened the present as soon as he was given it at the end-of-term ceremony? （P34）我想威得已经告诉了你关于那位在期末典礼上将收到的礼物立刻就打开了的英国老师的事了吧？

suppose

vt. 1) to think that sth. is likely to be true:

[+ (that)] I couldn't get any reply when I called Dan, so I suppose (that) he's gone out.

He found it a lot more difficult to get a job than he supposed it would be.

[+ (that)] Do you suppose (that) Gillian will marry him?

It is widely supposed (that) the minister will be forced to resign.

[+ to infinitive] We all supposed him to be German, but in fact he was Swiss.

Her new book is supposed to be (= generally people think it is) very good.

2) [+ (that)] used in making polite requests:

I don't suppose (that) you could/I suppose you couldn't lend me 5 till tomorrow, could you?

Note: be supposed to 相当于 should

6. The British teachers didn’t know what he was talking about or what Thanksgiving was held in celebration of. (P34) 来自英国的老师不知道他在谈论什么, 也不知道感恩节是为庆祝什么而举行的.

in celebration of: in order to celebrate

celebrate

vi.&vt. to take part in special enjoyable activities in order to show that a particular occasion is important:

We always celebrate our wedding anniversary by going out to dinner.

If this plan works, we'll celebrate in style (= in a special way).

celebration

n. [C or U] a special social event, such as a party, when you celebrate sth. or the act of celebrating sth.:

There were lively New Year celebrations all over town.

Such good news calls for (= deserves) a celebration!

Let's buy some champagne in celebration of her safe arrival.

注意比较:

celebrate表“庆祝”，宾语是事，即后接sth. 其名词构成的词组为：have/hold a celebration(举行庆祝会)in celebration of…（为了庆祝…）

congratulate表“祝贺”其宾语是受到祝贺的人，可组成短语congratulate sb. on sth./doing…

名词congratulation可构成短语congratulations to sb. on sth./doing…

7. In the UK, the guests are expected to give presents to the newly-weds, but in Italy, the newly-weds are expected to give their guests presents as a souvenir to remember the big day. (P35) 在英国, 客人通常要送礼物给新婚夫妇, 而在意大利,新婚夫妇要给客人门赠送礼物作为记住这一个重要日子的纪念品.

expect

vt. 1) to think or believe sth. will happen, or someone will arrive:

We are expecting a lot of applicants for the job.

[+ (that)] I expect (that) you'll find it somewhere in your bedroom.

I expect (that) he'd have left anyway.

[+ to infinitive] He didn't expect to see me.

The financial performance of the business is fully expected (= almost certain) to improve.

We were half expecting you not to come back.

2) to think that someone should behave in a particular way or do a particular thing:

I expect punctuality from my students.

[+ to infinitive] Borrowers are expected to (= should) return books on time.

expected

adj. [before noun]

The expected counter-attack never happened.

expectancy

n. [U] when you think that sth. exciting or pleasant is going to happen:

There was a general air of expectancy in the crowd.

expectation

n. 1) [C usually plural] when you expect good things to happen in the future:

The holiday lived up to all our expectations (= was as good as we were expecting).

I have high expectations for this job (= I believe it will be good).

We did so well - beyond all (= better than) our expectations.

I think she had unrealistic expectations of motherhood.

2) [C or U] when you expect sth. to happen:

Considering the injuries he's had there can be little expectation of him winning the race.

Our expectations are that the UK will cut its interest

相关高考试题

When he turned professional at the age of 11, Mike _____ to become a world champion by his coach and parents. (2006上海)

A. expected B. was expecting C. was expected D. would be expected

答案：C

8. So, to clarify, if I got married in the UK, I would expect a present, but if I got married in Italy, I would have to give a present. (P35) 让我来说得更清楚些. 如果我是在英国结婚的话, 我就会得到一份礼物, 但如果我是在意大利结婚的话, 我就得送给别人一份礼物.

clarify

vt. 1) to make sth. clear or easier to understand by giving more details or a simpler explanation:

Could you clarify the first point please? I don't understand it completely.

The position of all shareholders will be clarified next month when we finalize our proposals.

2) to remove water and unwanted substances from fat, such as butter, by heating it

clarification

n. [C or U]

Some further clarification (= explanation) of your position is needed.

clarified

adj.

You often use clarified butter when making curry.

9. If a man participates in a wedding reception in Brunei, he has to sit with the bridegroom and the other men. (P35) 如果一位男士是在文莱参加婚宴, 他就得和新郎及其他的男士坐在一起.

1) participate

vi. to take part in or become involved in an activity:

She never participates in any of our discussions, does she?

participation

n. [U] when you take part or become involved in sth.

participant

n [C] a person who takes part in or becomes involved in a particular activity

2) reception

n. 1) [U] the act of welcoming someone or sth.:

The new hospital was ready for the reception of its first patients.

相关高考试题

--- Why didn’t you tell him about the meeting?

--- He rushed out of the room ______ I could say a word. (2006四川)

A. before B. until C. when D. after

答案：A

12. …, it’s time for me to log off,…, (P35) 我要下线了.

log

n. [C] a thick piece of tree trunk or branch, especially one cut for burning on a fire

vt./vi. to cut down trees so that you can use their wood:

The forest has been so heavily logged that it is in danger of disappearing.

vt. to officially record sth.:

The Police Complaints Authority has logged more than 90 complaints.

logging

n. [U] the activity of cutting down trees for wood:

logging companies.

phrasal verb to connect a computer to a computer system by typing your name, so that you can start working:

Log on using your name and password.

log off/out

phrasal verb to stop a computer being connected to a comput

篇2：牛津模块6 Unit 4 全单元教学设计(译林牛津版高二英语选修六教案教学设计)

Part One Teaching Design

第一部分教学设计

Aims and requirements

Read a speech made by a UN Goodwill Ambassador and the diary entry of a Medecins Sans Frontieres (MSF) nurse

Listen to a news report about problems in the mountains in northern Thailand

Discuss the work and skills of a UN Goodwill Ambassador and talk about ways in which students could help children in poor areas

Write a proposal suggesting ways to help poor children

Make an action plan of things you could do to help your community

Procedures

● Welcome to the Unit

Step 1: Brainstorming

As we all known, we human beings are often stricken by natural disasters. Can you name some of them?

flood, fire, volcano, earthquake, typhoon, hurricane, tsunami, desertification, sandstorm

tornado, drought…

Do they have anything in common? What’s it?

They share one common feature, that is, they cause a great deal of damage to buildings and hurt lots of people.

Would you ask for help if you were involved in a natural disaster? Which organization or person would you turn to for help?

firemen, policemen, PLA men, doctors, governments, Red Cross, hospitals, first-aid station…

Step 2: Sharing information

1. Let’s watch a series of news first. What can we learn from the news?

The whole world is a large family. We make every effort to help the people in trouble, no matter who they’re.

To help the people in trouble more efficiently, more and more international organizations are set up. They help many people around the world to have better lives, especially when things go wrong. What organizations do you know of that can help with the people in trouble?

For reference

美国慈善国际组织（Mercy Corps）

英国全球伙伴组织（Global Partner）

爱尔兰关怀组织（Ireland’s Concern）

法国“泪水”基金会（French Tear Fund）

亚洲医生联合协会（AMDA）

世界宣明会(World Vision)

…

For reference

Actually, there are many governmental organizations and non-governmental organizations that aim at improving the harsh situations. The International Committee of the Red Cross is dedicated to providing humanitarian aids in different areas around the world. Doctors Without Borders or Medecins Sans Frontieres ( MSF) is an independent international medical relief organization that aids victims of armed conflicts, epidemics and natural and man-made disasters, and others who lack health care due to social or geographical isolation, There are also some other organizations in the world which serve the purpose of offering help to those in need.

2. Look at the six pictures at page 49, these pictures present situations where people need international aid. Let’s have a discussion about them.

Picture 1

Can you guess from the caption what the main tasks of peacekeeping soldiers are?

To keep the peace in the countries or areas where there have been wars or conflicts.

Do you think these soldiers play an important role in maintaining the world peace?

Do you think this kind of job is very demanding, challenging and risky? Why or why not?

When you grow up, would you like to do this kind of job if you had the chance? Why or why not?

Picture 2

What can you see in the picture?

It is a picture of African children living in a poverty-stricken area. They suffer from malnutrition and hunger because of lack of food..

Can you imagine what will happen to these hungry children if nobody helps?

Some of them may die of hunger.

How do you feel when you see this picture?

How can we help them?

Picture 3

What can you see in the picture?

A flooded area.

Suppose your home was struck by a flood, what would your life be like? Would you still live a normal life as before?

No. For example, the roads would be blocked by the broken trees; the means of communication and traffic-roads and railway would be cut off.

Picture 4

What can you see in the picture?

Water is being pumped into the fields.

What factors can ensure a good harvest?

Proper methods of farming, fertile soil, sufficient volume of rainfall, enough sunlight, advanced technology, etc.

What would happen if there was not enough water for farming?

Farmers would be very worried about their crops if there was a drought, as a drought sometimes can cause a famine.

Picture 5

What is the doctor in the picture doing?

Working to help people in poor countries.

Why do you think that doctors and nurses need to go to poor areas or countries to help?

People in poor areas don’t have money to go to hospital if they are ill. In addition, hospitals in these areas cannot provide the doctors and nurses with enough training or equipment.

Picture 6

Apart from the problems listed above, people in poverty are still facing many other difficulties. Can you name some of them?

Do you think children can receive good education and good medical care in poor areas?

Can their daily necessities be guaranteed? If not, what will happen?

For reference

International aid aims to help people, especially those in the poverty-stricken areas in some developing countries, to improve their living standards and better their lives.

Besides, it offers timely and appropriate medical help and provides sufficient educational opportunities for the children. For more information, you can visit the following website: http: //www.gospelcom.net / ia /

Step 3: Discussion

Have you ever helped people in need? What did you do to help them?

Yes, I have. I remember when I was in primary school, the teacher asked us to donate our pocket money to Project Hope. I gave all my pocket money that I saved a long time. Though it was not much, I still wanted to do something to show that I cared. I also had a pen friend from a rural area in northern China when I was in junior high school. Apart from exchanging information about our lives with her, I occasionally mailed her some of my spare books and stationery. During the Spring Festival, I also shared my red packets with her.

Step 4: Homework

1. Collect more information about international organizations helping people in need.

2. Prepare the Reading part.

Reading The UN-bringing everyone closer together

Step 1: Lead-in

Now, we’re studying in the large, bright classroom equipped with advanced facilities. In this environment, most of us believe we can realize our dreams as long as we work hard. But look at these pictures. Do you think they have dreams as well? What do you think they can do to realize their dreams?

So, we know that in other parts of the world, there are lots of children who are still struggling with starvation or war. Have you ever thought about doing something for those children to help them realize their dreams? If you have, what would you do?

For reference

1. Make a donation to help more children in poor areas to attend school.

2. Help to raise the public’s awareness about the plight of the poor.

…

Step 2: Fast reading for general ideas

Go through the passage as quickly as possible and try to find answers to the three questions in part A on Page 50. Just focus on and identify the information needed to answer these questions.

Answers

A 1 A businesswoman and a Goodwill Ambassador.

2 191 countries.

3 Countries in Africa.

Step 3: Detailed reading for important information

1. Let’s read the speech a second time and complete Parts C1 and C2 on page 52

Answers

C1 1 An international group made up of countries that want to increase peace.

2 Honoured and happy.

3 They come from different countries that belong to the UN.

4 She mainly visits countries where the UN has programmes to help people.

5 Baskets. They sell them at the market.

6 Lack of education, lack of money, lack of food, poverty, disasters and disease.

7 Access to fresh drinking water for everyone and primary education for all children.

C2 1 F 2 F 3 T 4 F 5 T 6 T

2. Listen to the tape and choose the best answers to the following questions:

(1) What occupation does Tang Ning take up in the UN?

A. The Secretary-General.

B. A Goodwill Ambassador.

C. The spoken man.

D. A clerk.

(2) How much money does she earn by doing the job?

A. She earns a lot.

B. She volunteers. She gets no salary for the job.

C. She earns some, though not much.

D. It isn’t mentioned in the article.

(3) What project or projects has she been involved in?

A. She helps develop the world’s education.

B. She helps deal with such problems as poverty and disasters.

C. She visits countries where the UN has programmes to help people.

D. She visits the poorest areas in the world.

Keys BBC

3. Now read the speech a third time and fill in the table with the correct answers.

The United Nations

When it was set up After the Second World War in October 1945

Countries in the UN (originally) 51 countries

(recently) 191 countries

Problems it deals with helps end some of the world’s most horrible conflicts; assists the victims of wars and disasters; protects human rights; improves international laws; helps with other problems such as lack of education, lack of food, poverty, disasters and diseases

Its four main purposes to keep international peace

to develop friendly relationships among nations

to cooperate in solving international problems and in promoting respect for human rights

to be a center for organizing the actions or work of different nations

Goals it promises to achieve by eight goals, one of which is to ensure that fresh drinking water is available to everyone and another is that all children complete primary education

Step 4: Practice

1. Let’s complete Parts D (Refer to the text while completing part D)

Answers

D 1. d 2. f 3. a 4. g 5. I 6.h 7. e 8. c 9. b

2. Now, let’s read an article about Tang Ning’s speech by a newspaper reporter and fill in the blanks with the given words. After that, you’ll be more familiar with the speech. Finish the exercise by yourselves and we’ll check the answers later together.

Answers

(1)honoured (2)international

(3)purposes (4)laws

(5)poverty (6)disasters

(7)encourage (8)drinking water

Step 5: Post-reading activities

1. Pair work:

Now, have a discussion with your partner. Suppose you are a journalist from a local newspaper and have the chance to interview Tang Ning. What other thins do you want to ask her apart from what you already know?

For reference

Ms Tang, I’m very happy to have the chance to interview you today. I know that you do lots of work for the UN but you get no pay. Why do you choose to work without pay? Do you think it’s rewarding? Do you think international organizations like the UN play a significant part in helping those in need and developing society? What if we lived in a world without organizations like the UN?

2. Group work:

Let’s hold a debate: If Tang Ning was not a successful businesswoman, do you think she would still be chosen to be a Goodwill Ambassador?

3. Let’s come to Part F. Work in pairs and share your opinions with each other.

4. Discussion: How do you understand the title The UN-bringing everyone closer together?

Step 6: Language points

Vocabulary Words refer, operate, honour, purpose, touch, conflict, worthy, press, draw, lack, remote

Useful expressions refer to, feel honoured to do, take on, be based on, be involved in, draw one’s attention, add…to…, under the umbrella of, apart from, set out, on behalf of

Sentence patterns 1. I am pleased to have …, as it is more often referred to.

2. As you know, the UN touches the lives of people everywhere.

3. Now let me tell you about the work I have been doing with them.

4. One of the goals is to ensure…. Another is to ensure….

Step 7: Homework

Parts A1 and A2 on page124 in Workbook.

●Word power

Step 1: Brainstorming

1. As we all know, the United Nations plays a very important role in handling world affairs. It touches many parts of our daily lives. The UN works in agriculture, economic growth, education, health, environment, global partnerships and some other fields. The UN is connected to many different organizations that do different projects or programmes.

To know more about the UN organizations, we need to do some research. I suggest you look in newspapers, magazines, books in the library and perhaps on the Internet for more information about how many divisions and organizations are connected to the UN and what they are.

For reference

The UN organizations

Programmes and Funds

1.UNHCR Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees

2. WFP World Food Programme

3. UNRWA United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East

4.UN-HABITAT United Nations Human Settlements Programme (UNHSP)

5. UNFPA United Nations Population Fund

6. UNCDF United Nations Capital Development Fund

7. UNV United Nations Volunteers

8. UNIFEM United Nations Development Fund for Women

9. UNDP United Nations Development Programme

10. UNICEF United Nations Children’s Fund

UNEP United Nations

Environment Programme

1. UNDCP United Nations Drug Control Programme

2. ITC International Trade Centre (UNCTAD/WTO)

3. UNCTAD United Nations Conference on Trade and Development

Specialized Agencies

1. ILO International Labor Organization

2. FAO Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations

3. UNESCO United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization

4. WHO World Health Organization

World Bank Group

1. IBRD International Bank for Reconstruction and Development

2. IDA International Development Association

3. IFC International Finance Corporation

4. MIGA Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency

5. ICSID International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes

6. IMF International Monetary Fund

7. ICAO International Civil Aviation Organization

8. IMO International Maritime Organization

9. ITU International Tele-communication Union

10. UPU Universal Postal Union

11. WMO World Meteorological Organization

12. WIPO World Intellectual Property Organization

13. IFAD International Fund for Agricultural Development

14. UNIDO United Nations Industrial Development Organization

15. WTO World Tourism Organization

Step 2: Vocabulary learning

1. First, I’d like to ask you some questions to see whether you’ve got some information about the UN?

Which organizations did you find are connected to the UN?

Please choose one organization and tell us when it was set up. What does the organization mainly focus on?

What do you think of its role in the UN or in the world?

2. Let’s read an article found in the library about the different organizations connected to the UN. Try to know the main functions of these organizations. After that, we’ll have a discussion.

Suppose an island in the middle of the Pacific Ocean has been struck by a terrible hurricane. All the supplies have been cut off, roads have been blocked and lots of people have been blocked and lots of people have been injured. If so, what organizations or programmes could they turn to for help?

Which organizations contribute a lot to the equal education of children and equal treatment of women?

What do the letters E, S and C in UNESCO stand for? In your opinion, what is UNESCO responsible for?

3. Now we’ve had a better understanding of the organizations of the UN. Let’s try to complete the chart on Part B.

Answers

B (2) Food and Agricultural Organization

(3) UN Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization

(4) World Health Organization

(5) International Civil Aviation Organization

(6) Universal Postal Union

(7) World Bank group

(8) International Monetary Fund

(10) UN Environment Progamme

(11) UN Drugs Control Programme

(12) UN Development Programme

(13) UN Development Fund for Women

Step3: Vocabulary extension

1. Now let’s come to part C on page 27. Read the passage and fill in the blanks correctly.

Answers

C (1) International Monetary Fund

(2) International Civil Aviation Organization

(3) Universal Postal Union

(4) UN Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization

(5) Food and Agricultural Organization

(6) International Labour organization

(7) World Health Organization

2. Do you know what UN and NGOs stand for? Can you give the full name of them?

This shortened version of the name of something is called an acronym. It consists of the first letter of each word of the name. As for the pronunciation of an acronym, it is sometimes read as individual letters and sometimes read as a new word.

Now, please work out the acronyms on P55.

Answers

IMF International Monetary fund

FAO Food and Agricultural Organization

ILO International Labour Organization

UNESCO United nations Educational, scientific and cultural organization

WHO World Health Organization

UNEP United Nations Environment Programme

3. Now, I’ll give you more acronyms of international organizations. Do you know their full name?

WTO World Trade Organization

NATO North Atlantic Treaty Organization

ADB Asian Development bank

ICRC International Committee of the red Cross

ITU International Telecommunication Union

4. Reading:

words: 127 time: 2’10’’

Origin of World Refugee Day

For years, many countries and regions have been holding their own Refugee Days and even Weeks. One of the most widespread is Africa Refugee Day, which is celebrated on 20 June in several countries.

As an expression of solidarity with Africa, which hosts the most refugees, and which traditionally has shown them great generosity, the UN General Assembly adopted Resolution 55/76 on 4 December . In this resolution, the General Assembly noted that 2001 marked the 50th anniversary of the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees, and that the Organization of African Unity (OAU) had agreed to have International Refugee Day coincide with Africa Refugee Day on 20 June. The Assembly therefore decided that, from 2001, 20 June would be celebrated as World Refugee Day.

Step 4: Homework

Read the transcript in Part B on page 129 in Workbook.

● Grammar and Usage

Step 1: General introduction

This section teaches four other cases that need to use unreal conditionals. You’ll learn the forms of mixed unreal conditionals, words that can replace if-clauses in implied conditionals and the usage of wish or would rather in unreal conditionals.

Step 2: Revision

As we learned in the last unit, when a sentence is talking about something that is not real or currently impossible, the verb will be used in a special form that expresses a wish, possibility, condition, etc.

Here’re some exercises for you. Choose the best answers:

1. Had you listened to the doctor, you _____ all right now.

A. are B. were C. would be D. would have been

2. _____ any change about the date, please tell me immediately.

A. Will there be B. Should there be C. There will be D. There should be

3. _____ today, he would get there by Friday.

A. Would he leave B. Was he leaving

C. Were he to leave D. If he leave

4. Should it rain, the crops _____ .

A. would be saved B. would have been saved

C. will be saved D. had been saved

5. You _____ come earlier. The bus left a moment ago.

A. would B. should have C. may D. have

6. What should we do if it _____ tomorrow?

A. should snow B. would snow C. snow D. will snow

7. You _____ such a serious mistake if you had followed his advice.

A. may not make B. might not make

C. shouldn’t have made D. might not have made

8. If it were not for the fact that you _____ ill, I would ask you to do this right now.

A. were B. had been C. are D. should be

Keys 1-5 CBCAB 6-8 ADC

Step 3: Explanation and practice

1. We should first pay attention to the forms of the predicate verbs in different tenses when we use sentences in unreal conditional. Let’s remember how to form unreal conditionals of the present, past or future time.

tense If-- clause main clause

present did(were) would/ should/ could/ might do

past had done would/ should/ could/ might have done

future did，should do，were to do would/ should/ could/ might do

2. We use mixed conditionals when the main clause and the if-clause are about different tenses.

e.g. 1) If you had come and attended the meeting yesterday, you would know what we are doing now.

2) If you had followed my advice, you would not be in trouble now.

Now, complete Part A. Pay attention to the different tenses in the if-clause and the main clause.

Answers

A (1) had not studied (2) would not be

(3) had studied (4) would have

(5) knew (6) would be

(7) could help (8) would not be

3. Read Point 2. Sometimes we can use otherwise, or and phrases beginning with with, without and but for to replaces a if-clause in implied conditionals. Pay attention to the verb form in the main clauses.

4. In adverbial clauses introduced by even if, as if, as though and if only we can use unreal conditionals.

In object clauses after wish or would rather the subjunctive verb forms are often used because the speaker thinks what is said in the clause is currently not true or possible, or will not happen. You should know different subjunctive verb forms are used in the object clause according to the time that the event happened or will happen.

e.g. 1) I wish you had met him yesterday.

2) Without your help , we couldn’t have made such progress in my study in the past few years .

3) If only you hadn’t told him what I said! Everything would have been all right.

4) Without electronic computers, much of today's advanced technology couldn’t have been achieved.

5. Read the dialogue in Part B and fill in each blank with a proper word or phrase according to the meaning of the sentence.

Answers

(1) Without (2) otherwise/or (3) otherwise/or (4) wish (5)With

(6) Without (7) even if (8)without (9) If only (10) as if

For reference

动词的语气--虚拟语气

一、语气的定义和种类

l、语气：语气是动词的一种形式，它表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。

2、语气的种类：

(2)祈使语气: 表示说话人的建议、请求、邀请、命令等。如: Open the door, please。请打开门。

二、虚拟语气在条件从句中的用法

在含有虚拟条件句的复合句中，主句和从句的谓语都要用虚拟语气。现将虚拟条件从句和主句的动词形式列表如下:

从句主句

与现在事实相反动词的过去式（be的过去式一般用were） would/ should/ could/ might + 动词原形

与过去事实相反 had + 过去分词 would/ should/ could/ might + have + 过去分词

与将来事实相反动词过去式，should + 动词原形，were to + 动词原形 would/ should/ could/ might + 动词原形

注: 主句中的should只用于I、we，但在美国英语中，should常被would代替；从句中的should 可用于各种人称。

l、表示与现在事实相反的假设和结果。如: If my brother were here, everything would be all right. 要是我哥哥在这儿，一切都没问题了。

2、表示与过去事实相反的假设和结果。如: If you had taken my advice，you wouldn't (couldn’t) have failed in the exam. 如果你按照我的建议去做，你一定不会(不可能)考试不及格。

3、表示与将来事实可能相反的假设和结果。如: If it were Sunday tomorrow, I should (would，could，might) go to see my grandmother. 如果明天是星期天，我就 (可能)去看望我奶奶。If it were to snow this evening, they would not go out. 如果今晚下雪，他们将不出去了。

4、有时条件从句中的动作和主句中的动作发生的时间不一致（表示错综时间的虚拟语气），这时动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间加以调整。例如: If you had listened to the doctor, you would be all right now. 如果你当初听了医生的话，身体现在就好了。(从句动作指过去，主句动作指现在)

5、虚拟条件句可以转换成下列形式:

(l)省略连词if。在书面语中，如果虚拟条件从句中有were，had 或 should，可以把if省略，把这几个词放到主语之前，构成主谓倒装。例如: Should he come (If he should come), tell him to ring me up. 他要是来了，让他给我打个电话。Were I you (If I were you), I would not do it. 我要是你，就不做这事。

(2)用介词短语代替条件状语从句。如: Without air (If there were not air), there would be no living things. 如果没有空气的话，就不会有生物了。But for your help (If it hadn’t been for your help) I couldn’t have done it. 要是没有你的帮助，我就不可能完成这件事。 I was busy that day. Otherwise I would have gone there with them. (If I hadn’t been busy that day, I would have gone there with them.) 我那天很忙，否则，我就和他们一起去那儿了。(如果我那天不忙的话，我就……)；I would have finished the work, but I have been ill. (If I hadn’t been ill, I would have finished the work.) 我本来该完成这项工作的，但我生病了。(如果我没生病的话，我就会完成……)

6、省去条件从句或主句：表示虚拟语气的主句或从句有时可以省略，但其含义仍可以推知。

(1)省去条件从句。如: You could have washed your clothes yourself. 你本可以自已洗衣服的。省去了”If you had wanted to“)(事实是:你自己没洗衣服，因为你不想洗。)

(2)省去主句(常用以表示愿望)。如: If my grandmother were with me! 如果我的祖母与我在一起多好啊!(事实是:祖母已不在世。)；If only she had not left! 如果她没走就好了!(事实是:她已经走了。)

三、虚拟语气的其他用法

l、虚拟语气在主语从句中的用法：在”It is important (strange，natural，necessary)that…“这类句型里，that所引导的主语从句中的谓语动词常用 “should十动词原形”结构，表示某事是”重要“、”奇怪“、”自然“、”必要“等意义。如: It is important that every member (should) inform himself of these rules. 重要的是每个成员知道这些规则。

2、虚拟语气在宾语从句中用法：

(1)在动词wish后的宾语从句中，表示与现在或过去的事实相反，或对将来的主观愿望，从句通常省略连词that。1)表示对现在情况的虚拟:从句动词用过去式或过去进行式(be动词一般用were)。如: I wish I knew the answer to the question. 我希望知道这个问题的答案。(可惜不知道)；2）表示对过去情况的虚拟:从句动词常用”had十过去分词“。如: I wish (wished) I hadn’t spent so much money. 我后悔不该花那么多钱。(实际上已经花掉)；3)表示对将来的主观愿望:谓语动词形式为”would十动词原形“。如: I wish it would stop raining. 但愿雨能停止；I wish you would come soon. 但愿你立刻来。

(2)在suggest，demand，order，propose，insist，command，request，desire等动词后的宾语从句中，谓语动词用“should + 动词原形”，表示建议、要求、命令等。如: I demand that he (should) answer me immediately. 我要求他立刻答复我。

3、虚拟语气在状语从句中的用法

(1)在带有even if/ even though引导的让步状语从句的主从复合句中，主句和从句都用虚拟语气，动词形式与含有非真实条件句的虚拟语气相同。如: Even if he had been ill, he would have gone t his office. 即使生了病，他俩去办公室。

(2)由as if或as though引导的状语从句表示比较或方式时。从句谓语形式为动词的过去式(be用were)或 “had十过去分词”。如: He treated me as if I were a stranger. 他那样对待我，好像我是陌生人似的。She talked about the film as if she had really seen it. 她谈论那部影片，就好像她确实看过一样。

注:如果表示的事情可能会发生，那么方式状语从句中的谓语动词可用陈述语气。

4、虚拟语气在定语从句中的用法：在”It is time (that) …“句型中，定语从句的谓语动词常用虚拟语气表示将来，动词形式一般用过去式，意思是”该干某事的时候了“。如: It’s (high) time we did our homework. 我们该做作业了。

5、虚拟语气在简单句中的用法

(1)情态动词的过去式用于现在时态时，表示说话人的谦虚、客气、有礼貌，或委婉的语气，常见于日常会话中。如: It would be better for you not to stay up too late. 你最好别太晚睡觉。

(2)在一些习惯表达中。如: I would rather not tell you. 我宁愿不告诉你。

(3)用“may + 动词原形”表示”祝愿“、”但愿”，此时may须置于句首（多用于正式文体中）。如：May you be happy!祝你快乐！May good luck be yours.祝你顺利。

相关高考试题

1. Eliza remembers everything exactly as if it ____________ yesterday. (2006全国)

A. was happening B. happens C. has happened D. happened

2. ---Don’t you think it necessary that he ________ to Miami but to New York?

---I agree, but the problem is ________he has refused to. (2005江苏)

A. will not be sent; that B. not be sent; that

C. should not be sent; what D. should not send; what

3. If I ________plan to do anything I wanted to, I’d like to go to Tibet and travel through as much of it as possible. (2005湖北)

A. would B. could C. had to D. ought to

Keys 1-3 DBB

Step 4: Consolidation

I. Multiple choice

1. We demanded that we __________ of any change in the plan.

A. informed B. would be informed C. be informed D. had been informed

2. It’s necessary that he _________ a recognized qualification.

A. has B. have C. had D. having

3. It's high time we ____________ our attention to this problem.

A. turned B. turn C. had turned D. would turn

4. If only you __________ him what I said! Everything would have been all right.

A. didn't told B. hadn't told C. would not tell D. would have not told

5. He must have had an accident, or he____________ here then.

A. would have been B. had been C. should have been D. could be

6. Much labour would have been saved if the electronic computers_____________ before.

A. had invented B. were invented

C. should have been invented D. had been invented

7. _____________ cease advertising, prices would be significantly reduced.

A. Were they to B. Could they C. If they D. Would they

8. Five minutes earlier, and we ____________ the last bus.

A. had caught B. should have caught C. could have caught D. caught

9. You ____________ the clothes! We have a washerwoman to do that sort of thing.

A. shouldn't have washed B. mustn't have washed

C. can not have washed D. needn't have washed

10. Jean doesn't want to work right away because she thinks that if she _________ a job she probably wouldn't be able to see her friends very often.

A. has to get B. were to get C. had got D. could have got

11. The mad man was put in the soft-padded cell lest he _____________ himself.

A. injure B. had injured C. injured D. would injure

12. It is politely requested by the hotel management that radios __________ after 11 o'clock at night.

A. were not played B. not to play C. not be played D. did not play

13. You don't have to be in such a hurry. I would rather you _________ on business first.

A. would go B. will go C. went D. have gone

14. It is important that enough money ___________ to fund the project.

A. be collected B. must be collected C. was collected D. can be collected

15. If only the committee __________ the regulations and put them into effect as soon as possible.

A. approve B. will approve C. can approve D. would approve

16. I don't think it advisable that Tom ________ to the job since he has no experience.

A. is assigned B. will be assigned C. be assigned D. has been assigned

17. You _________ her in her office last Friday; she's been out of town for two weeks.

A. needn't have seen B. must have seen C. might have seen D. can't have seen

18. We didn't know his telephone number, otherwise we _________ him.

A. would have telephoned B. must have telephoned

C. would telephone D. had telephoned

19. It is recommended that the project _________ until all the preparations have been made.

A. is not started B. will not be started

C. not be started D. is not to be started

20. I wish I ________ longer this morning, but I had to get up and come to class.

A. could have slept B. slept C. might have slept D. have slept

21. I ________ her to the party but I didn't know her well.

A. ought have invited B. would have invited

C. should invite D. may have invited

22. You ________ to town to see the film last week. It will be on TV tomorrow.

A. needn't go B. should not go C. had better not go D. needn't have gone

23. --- Would you have called her up had it been possible?

---- Yes, but I ________ busy doing my homework..

A. was B. were C. had been D. would be

24. It was essential that the application forms ___________ back before the deadline

A. must be sent B. would be sent C. be sent D. were sent

25. It is important that we ________.

A. shall close the window before we leave B. will close the window before we leave

C. must close the window before we leave D. close the window before we leave

II. Translation

1. 我不知道他的电话号码，否则我就打电话给他了。

2. 他本可以给你更多的帮助，即使他很忙。

3. ---如果可能的话你会不会打电话给他？

---会的，不过我当时在忙着做家庭作业呢。

4．如果你昨晚没有看电影到那么晚的话，你现在就不会这么困了。

5. 没有电，今天人类的生活就完全不同了。

Keys

I. 1-5: CBABC 6-10: DACDB 11-15: ACCAD 16-20: CDACA 21-25: BDACD

II.

1. I didn't know his telephone number, otherwise I would have telephoned him.

2. He might have given you more help, even though he was very busy.

3．---- Would you have called her up had it been possible?

---- Yes, but I were busy doing my homework.

4．If you hadn’t seen that film late last night, you wouldn't be so sleepy.

5．Without electricity, human life would be quite different today.

●Task Helping poor children

Skills building 1: listening for specifics

In this part, you will learn how to listen for problems and the causes of the problems. We always have something specific to listen for when we listen to something. We should try to seize the key phrases or sentences that are relevant.

First let’s have a discussion about the following questions:

If we want to know what the problem is when we are listening to a news report, what phrases or sentences should we pay special attention to?

(The problem is that…/As you can see…/The result is …/This means …)

If we want to know what has caused the problem when we are listening to a news report, what should we pay special attention to?

(This is because…/This problem has been caused by…/Unfortunately, …/…as…)

Step 1: finding out about problems

1. Now read the guidelines in Part A on page 58 to find out what you’ll listen for and what you are asked to do in this part. Go over the table in Part A. Then listen to the tape, trying to complete the table.

Tapescript

Reporter: Here I am in northern Thailand. As you can see, the families living here are living in very poor conditions. There is no running water and no electricity in this village. Water has to be collected from the river 10 minutes’ walk away. This may seem near but when you need water for many things, walking 10 minutes is a long time. The water then needs to be boiled before it can be used. The result of not boiling the water is illness. As you can see, the villagers’ houses are built of wood and are not very strong. This is because they have no money and cannot get hold of any materials. The people have very few things like clothes or furniture because they have no money and they are a long way from the nearest town. There is a bus but you have to walk six kilometers to get to the nearest road.

As I said earlier, there is no electricity in this village, so when it is dark, the only light comes from the small fires that the family cooks over. Unfortunately, much of the forest around the village has been cut down for firewood and so the villagers have to walk further and further away from the village to get wood. This also means that water may not be boiled for long enough as there is very little wood. This is going to be a big problem in the future.

Answers

A (1) no running water (3) no money (4) few clothes or furniture

(5) no electricity (6) forest has been cut down

2. Listen to the second part of the report and finish the table in Part B on P59.

Now listen to the lecture for a second time, and finish Part A & Part B on P33.

Tapescript

Reporter: Over there you can see the school. As the village is poor, the school has no roof. There are no chairs either, so the children have to sit on the floor. When it rains, school is stopped. Many children, especially the girls, do not go to school because they have to stay at home and help their parents or grandparents with the farming of their small pieces of land. All the farming is done by hand as the villagers have no money for equipment. It is difficult to raise animals because of the small amount of land and water available. Because of this and the lack of fresh water, many of the children have poor diets. A common problem is that they de not eat enough meat to get the amount of protein that they need. As a result, they do not grow properly and cannot concentrate on learning. Another problem is that many of the children’s parents have died because of AIDS. This means that the grandparents have to bring up the children. That is very difficult because they are already old and poor.

Answers

(1) poverty

(2) many children, especially girls, do not go to school

(4) all farming is done by hand

(5) small amount of land and water available

(6) children have poor diets

(7) children do not grow properly

(8) many of the children’s parents have died of AIDS

(9) grandparents have to bring up children

(10) grandparents are old and poor

3. Read the report in Part C. Try to get more information needed to finish the two tables.

Answers

A (2) repairing of pumps takes several days

B (3) not enough money

Skills building 2: discussing in groups

In this unit, you will review the sentence structures used to make suggestions, ask for opinions, express agreement or disagreement and make conclusions.

1. In a discussion, people usually give suggestions. There are some sentences or sentence structures used particularly for this purpose. What sentences do you know are often used to make suggestions? Remember you should be polite or not too blunt when giving suggestions. Please make some sentences using the structures given on P60.

For reference

I think it would be a good idea to post our proposal on the Internet.

We could help by giving out leaflets to ask people to donate money.

I would like to suggest that we organize a charity show.

It would be a good idea if we sell old books to raise money

2. In a discussion, we also need to know opinions from others, and we often use questions to ask for other people’s opinions. Now please make some sentences to ask others for their opinions.

3. Now, use the skills we have learned in part A to skim and scan for specific information from the newspaper article in Part B and answer the four questions.

4. There are many ways to express personal opinions about a suggestion. Let’s learn how to express disagreement in a polite way. Please make some sentences to express agreement or disagreement using the sentence structures given in point 3 on P60.

For reference

I agree to organize a charity show because more people will come and help.

That’s a great idea, but who will star in the show, who will be the host, and where we will hold the show are all problems we must think about.

I’m sorry but I don’t think that will work because we will need lots of money for the show.

5. At the end of the discussion, the group members should make conclusions and work out a solution. Please make some sentences to give conclusion or solution using the sentence structures given in point 4 on P60.

For reference

So to summarize, our group has decided to organize a charity show.

In conclusion, we have decided to organize a charity show.

Step 2: making suggestions

Now, let’s use the speaking skills we just learned. Let’s have a discussion: What can we do to help the poor children in northern Thailand?

Sample answers

S1: All of us have listened to the news report and read the article about the poor children in northern Thailand. I feel really sorry for them. What do you think we can do to help them?

Does anyone have any suggestions? I’ll write down your ideas.

S2: I think we could help by raising some money for them. I’d like to donate my pocket money.

S3: That’s a good idea. I suggest that we make a poster telling the students in our school about what kind of life these children have. We can ask all the students to donate some of their pocket money.

S4: OK, that sounds like a good idea. I would like to donate some books.

S2: I’m sorry but I don’t think that would work. They won’t be able to read the books because they don’t understand Chinese. Maybe we can give them some English books. Does anyone have any other ideas?

S3: I think we can sell the old Chinese books to get some more money.

S4: Good idea. I would like to suggest giving them some clothes. I have many old clothes that I no longer wear. I think I could give them to the children there.

S2: I agree, but how can we send these books and clothes to them?

S3: We can go to a shipping company and ask if they can help to ship these things there.

S1: OK, so we’ve decided to raise as much money as we can and donate English books and clothes to children. We can also write a letter to them and tell them we want to help them.

Skills building 3: writing a proposal

When we want to give some suggestion, we sometimes need to write a proposal. In this unit, we’ll learn the structure of a proposal and what should be included in a proposal.

Read the six points in this part and try to find out which is the most important point in a proposal.

Step 3: composing a proposal

In this part, you’re required to write a proposal to UNICEF about how to help the hill tribe children in northern Thailand with information that you have learnt in Steps 1and 2.

1. Work in pairs and have a discussion: What should you write on the proposal to UNICEF? What title will you give to your proposal?

2. Now, work in groups of four to write the proposal.

3. Now, let’s share you proposals.

Possible example

Title: Helping the hill tribe children in northern Thailand

Group members: (Students’ own names)

Introduction: We have been researching the problems faced by the children in northern Thailand. There are many villages in northern Thailand where children do not have books. Their classrooms have no roofs. Many girls cannot go to school. Our group would like to help them.

Proposal:

We would like to help the children by:

donating the money collected from the students and teachers in our school

donating English books collected from the students in our school

donating clothes collected from the students in our school

writing a letter to them to tell them that we want to do what we can to help them

Benefits:

Helping the hill tribe children in northern Thailand to go to school and live a better life

Helping us recognize that there are many people in the world that need help

We would be pleased if you would approve our proposal. If you require any further information, please contact us.

Our contact details are:

(Students’ school address)

●Project Making an action plan

Reading

1.At the beginning of this class, let’s watch a video. From it, we know that when a nation is in trouble, the people all over the world will give a hand. And we also know that when a destructive disaster happens, medical aid is especially important to the injured people.

Today we’ll read a diary entry of a nurse who works for an international organization that provides medical service around the world. After that, I’m sure you’ll have a better understanding about what can be done to help poor people in poor areas.

2. Pair work: Have a discussion about the following questions:

Have you ever heard of an organization called MSF?

What does MSF stand for?

What does it mean in English?

Who do you think the members of MSF are?

What do you think the members of MSF do?

For reference

About MSF:

The MSF role in emergency medical aid

Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) is an international humanitarian aid organization that provides emergency medical assistance to populations in danger in more than 70 countries.

In countries where health structures are insufficient or even non-existent, MSF collaborates with authorities such as the Ministry of Health to provide assistance. MSF works in rehabilitation of hospitals and dispensaries, vaccination programmes and water and sanitation projects. MSF also works in remote health care centres, slum areas and provides training of local personnel. All this is done with the objective of rebuilding health structures to acceptable levels.

Raising Awareness

In carrying out humanitarian assistance, MSF seeks also to raise awareness of crisis situations; MSF acts as a witness and will speak out, either in private or in public about the plight of populations in danger for whom MSF works. In doing so, MSF sets out to alleviate human suffering, to protect life and health and to restore and ensure respect for the human beings and their fundamental human rights.

Only a small percentage of the populations that find themselves in a situation of danger gain the attention of the media. MSF teams travel to places that many people have never heard of, to assist those who have fallen victim to natural or man-made disasters. MSF volunteers have a story to tell when they return from their missions, and they use their experiences to speak of what they have seen. For MSF, raising awareness for these populations and the situations they are in is an important task. Whenever possible, MSF volunteers give interviews and make presentations. MSF offices worldwide facilitate the organization of gatherings, for individuals and groups who want to speak in their home communities. MSF also mounts exhibitions and, from time to time, releases publications, with the aim of raising awareness.

It is part of MSF's work to address any violations of basic human rights encountered by field teams, violations perpetrated or sustained by political actors. It does so by confronting the responsible actors themselves, by putting pressure on them through mobilization of the international community and by issuing information publicly. In order to prevent compromise or manipulation of MSF's relief activities, MSF maintains neutrality and independence from individual governments. The organization also tries to ensure that the majority of funds raised for its work comes directly from contributions from the general public. In this way, MSF guarantees equal access to its humanitarian assistance.

MSF has been setting up emergency medical aid missions around the world since 1971.

3. Read the passage “Changing the world---my commitment” Try to answer the first questions on P63.

Answers

1. The nurse and the other members of the medical team set up feeding centers to make sure that people get food, check the health of babies to make sure that they put on weight, give vaccinations to stop children dying from measles, and set up a clinic to take care of injuries. They also have to bury the dead bodies as quickly as possible to stop disease spreading. In addition, they listen to and comfort people.

2. Sometimes there is lots of fighting. There is not enough clean water.

3. She feels she is very lucky to be able to help others and do something worthwhile. She likes her job and she is happy and proud to make a difference to people’s lives on an individual level.

4. Read the passage again and try to judge whether the following statements are true or false.

1) Although there is too much work to do, she can still afford to write her diary every day.

2) The town is in ruins, but fortunately the hospital remains in good condition and usable.

3) Before working in this island, she has never worked in poor areas.

4) There are altogether five people on the medical team ,two doctors , one nurse and two assistants.

5) She worried that malnutrition will be a problem in the future because the fields and harvest have been destroyed.

6) Several MSF staff were attacked as people tried to get the food in Sudan.

Answers

1) F 2) F 3)F 4)T 5) T 6)T

5. Discussion: What does the writer mean by the title “Changing the world-my commitment”?

Making an action plan

Planning

Now let’s work in groups of four and discuss the questions on P63.

Preparing

Write a plan about what you are going to do and how to put your plan into action.

Presenting

At length, each group should present your plan to the whole class. Other groups can give your comments.

6. Homework:

Parts D1 and D2 on P127 in Workbook.

●Self-assessment

This section aims to help you assess the progress you have made, how much you have achieved, and also what else you can do to improve your understanding. The colour bar with five levels rates how confident you feel about what you have learnt in this unit.

In part A, some items are presented to you and you are asked to check how well you think you have developed these skills. Each item corresponds to one or more parts in this unit. For example, after finishing Part B on page 57, you will know whether you are able to use certain words or phrases to introduce unreal conditionals correctly. You have the opportunity to evaluate your own skills and abilities in English. If you feel very confident about another item, you get a score of 2. After going over all the items in this part, you need to add all the scores up and divide the total amount by the total sum. Thus, you will get a percentage, which shows your level.

In this unit, 15 items are listed with each one scoring 5. The total score is 75 points. These items cover the main study targets in this unit, including listening, speaking, reading and writing skills, the usage of vocabulary and grammar items, as well as doing activities in English. Through assessing themselves as learners, you will realize whether you have achieved the goals for this unit.

If you feel there are some areas in which you are not confident or just slightly confident about, you can think about how to improve on them. In Part B, you are asked to make an action plan, so you will know what to do and take some effective measures. You can also have a better understanding of your students, enabling yourself to guide them and help them study English more effectively.

Part Two Teaching Resources

第二部分教学资源

Section 1 A text structure analysis of The UN-bringing everyone closer together

I. Summary of The UN-bringing everyone closer together

Main idea of the passage brief introduction of the UN

Main idea of paragraph 1 time of founding and its purpose

Main idea of paragraph 2 peacekeeping operations of the UN

Main idea of paragraph 3 what the author does with the UN

Main idea of paragraph 4 how the organizations work

Main idea of paragraph 5 the UN helps countries with some problems

II. A tree diagram of the text :

III. A retold version of the text The UN-bringing everyone closer together

The United Nation was founded in Oct. 1954 by 51 countries. Today there are about 191 countries in the word that have the memberships of the UN. It plays a leading role in many ways. For example, it borrows soldiers from different countries to keep international peace. Led by the organizations of the UN, 191 different countries work together to solve international problems and to keep peace to develop friendly relationships among nations. Through these actions, the UN brings everyone in different countries close together.

IV. Translation of reading and project

Reading

联合国--让每个人靠得更近

我很高兴今天有机会跟大家谈谈联合国，也叫UN------这个名称在英语里更为常用。联合国是一个国际组织，由所有愿意促进和平的国家组成，我很高兴入选联合国的-名亲善大使。作为一名亲善大使意味着我要前往联合国实施扶助项目的国家。能够担当这一角色，我感到非常荣幸。我会在后面跟大家谈谈我所做的一些工作，但首先我想跟大家简单介绍一下联合国的情况。那么联合国是什么时候成立的呢?联合国实际上是第二次世界大战之后于1945年10月由51个国家联合组建的。今天，世界上几乎每一个国家都是联合国的成员------共有191个国家。联合国建立在《联合国宪案》基础之上。该宪章确立了联合国的四大宗旨，即：维护国际和平；发展各国之间的友好关系；进行国际合作，以解决国际间的各种问题，增进对于全体人类之人权的尊重；构成一个协调各国行动或工作的中心。

如你所知，联合国触及世界各地每个人的生活。该组织参与维和行动，协助终止世界上一些最恐怖的冲突。观看对战争地区的任何电视报道，你就会看到头戴蓝色贝雷帽的士兵。联合国并不拥有自己的军队，而是向不同的成员国借用土兵。在这些军队和其他可敬的组织的协助下，联合国为战争及灾难的受害者提供援助。此外，联合国还协助保护人权，致力改进各种国际法律，如有关童工的法律等。

以上是对联合国的简单介绍。现在我要跟大家谈谈我所做的跟联合国有关的工作。我参与联合国的工作是无偿的，是志愿工作。正如我刚才所说的，我主要访问联合国实施扶助项目的国家。那么，我如何通过访问这些国家来达到帮助的目的呢?是这样的，如果我访问这些国家，电视和报刊等媒体就跟随我，并记录我的行程。这会提升人们对联合国工作的意识。此外，我的访问还会鼓励那些致力于联合国各种项目的人，吸引当地人民对相关情形的注意力。

到目前为止我访问了非洲的许多国家。最近，我非常幸运，去了一次南非，在那里我会见了一些结组自救的妇女。她们每天从每个小组成员那里收取1兰特(大约相当于人民币1．35元)，将这些钱和政府资助给她们的一笔钱加在一起。这样，妇女们就凑够了钱去购买做篮子的编织材料。之后，她们就将编织好的篮子拿到市场上销售。运气好的话，她们的小组还能够进一步扩大，或许还能开-个店铺。这个自救小组是由联合国妇女发展基金成立的，在联合国的管理体系中还有很多此类的项目和基金，它们已经为全世界数以百万计的人们提供了帮助。

除了由于战争和冲突所引起的各种紧急问题外，联合国还帮助解决其成员国的其他问题，如教育匮乏、食品不足、贫穷、灾难和疾病等。在召开的--次联合国会议上，所有的191个成员国都同意，到争取实现八个发展目标。这八个目标其中之-就是保证每个人都能够享受到新鲜的饮用水。另外-个发展目标就是保证所有的孩子都能够完成小学教育。如果大家想知道这方面更多的信息，可以浏览联合国的相关网页。现在，你们已了解到，由于联合国的工作，全世界的人靠得更近了。

Project

改变世界--我的义务

10月20日

到达这里后发现一切都是乱糟糟的。已经整整一周时间抽不出空闲写日记了。整个岛屿都遭遇了洪水的侵袭，许多人为躲避洪水都逃到山上。医院严重被毁，已是一片狼籍，完全无法使用了。这-切对我来说是一个全然不同的体验。通常情况下，我都是在那些缺水的地区工作，如肯尼亚和苏丹，那些地方的主要问题是饥荒。在苏丹，我们设立馈给站，确保人们能够得到食物；我们还检查婴儿的健康状况，确保婴儿的体重在增加。我们还做一个接种宣传活动，不再让儿童死干麻疹。遗憾的是，这个活动是在远离城市的乡村进行的，那儿战乱频繁。躲避枪林弹雨、展转奔波已经成了家常便饭。因此，这里的情形就完全不一样了，所存在的问题也不一样。我们非常担心，诸如疟疾和伤寒等由水传播的疾病会爆发。这里没有沙尘飞扬，我们看到的是一片汪洋。到处都是泥浆和水，让此地到彼地的行程变得很困难。

昨天，医疗队里我的同事和我(两名医生，作为护土的我，还有两名助手)在城市的北面发现了一个空旷的医疗中心。我们准备在那里设立一个临时诊所，来自海外的医疗设备和药品正在运输途中。我们已经开始清理这个医疗中心。影响到健康的问题之-是，那些需要定期服药的病人遇到这样的洪灾后很难得到药品，比如，那些患有心脏病或者糖尿病的人就是这样。轻微伤口也需要予以处治，特别是在这样潮湿的情况下。大多数病人的伤口是由于墙壁和屋顶坍塌所导致的。洪水使得伤口难以愈合，细菌容易扩散。同时，在这座城市的其他地区，住所以及食物和干净水的供给都成了大问题。土地和庄稼都毁了，所以，营养不良会成为未来的一个问题。

食品已经开始陆续到达，但有一个问题，因为人们开始担心自己是否能够得到足够的食品。今天上午，人们由于争抢食品发生了好几次打斗。这使我想起了自己在苏丹所呆的那段时间，当时有好几名“无国界医生组织”的工作人员由于人们哄抢食品而受到了攻击。

在这里有一个优势，很多人都会说英语或法语。这让彼此之间的交流变得容易多了，也易于了解他们的各种问题。当你和当地人不能说同一种语言时，你就很难弄清对方的问题。不过，我有很好的表演技巧，所以，即使在有语言障碍的情况下我还是能够同当地人进行交流。在这里，很多人似乎就是要和你交谈，所以，我发现我的工作不仅仅是做护士了，我还是一个聆听别人倾诉和安慰别人的人。

想象失去一切，甚至包括一些你的家人，是非常可怕的事情。我们到这里做的第-件事就是为那些被杀害的人建一个墓地。我们需要尽快掩埋那些尸体，以阻止疾病的蔓延和传播。这真是一件非常可怕的工作，我为那些死者的亲属感到非常难过。

回想起我参加“无国界医生组织”以来在全世界范围的所有经历，我觉得自己能够帮助别人，做一些值得的事情，这是非常幸运的。现在，我得考虑明天的事了。诊所有望明天开门，到那时我就没有时间记日记了。这里的经历让我珍惜我所拥有的一切，给了我-个从另外一个角度看事物的机会。我知道，作为个人我不能彻底改变世界，但我很自豪，因为我能到处给人多多少少提供一些帮助，在个人的层面上去改变人们的生活。

● Section 2 Background information about the UN

I. History of the United Nations

The name “United Nations”, coined by United States President Franklin D. Roosevelt, was first used in the “Declaration by United Nations” of 1 January 1942, during the Second World War, when representatives of 26 nations pledged their governments to continue fighting together against the Axis Powers.

In 1899, the first International Peace Conference was held in The Hague to elaborate instruments for settling crises peacefully, preventing wars and codifying rules of warfare. It adopted the Convention for the Pacific Settlement of International Disputes and established the Permanent Court of Arbitration, which began work in 1902.

The forerunner of the United Nations was the League of Nations, an organization conceived in similar circumstances during the First World War, and established in 1919 under the Treaty of Versailles “to promote international cooperation and to achieve peace and security.”

In 1945, representatives of 50 countries met in San Francisco at the United Nations Conference on International Organization to draw up the United Nations Charter. Those delegates deliberated on the basis of proposals worked out by the representatives of China, the Soviet Union, the United Kingdom and the United States at Dumbarton Oaks, United States, in August-October 1944. The Charter was signed on 26 June 1945 by the representatives of the 50 countries. Poland, which was not represented at the Conference, signed it later and became one of the original 51 member states.

The United Nations officially came into existence on 24 October 1945, when the Charter had been ratified by China, France, the Soviet Union, the United Kingdom, the United States and a majority of other signatories. United Nations Day is celebrated on 24 October each year.distressed area

“联合国”这一名称是由美国总统富兰克林D罗斯福设想出来的。该名称于1942年1月1日发布《联合国宣言》时首次使用。时值第二次世界大战进行期间，当时26个国家派出的代表承诺其政府将继续共同对轴心国作战。

18，第一次国际和平会议在荷兰海牙召开。此次会议的目的是制订旨在和平解决危机和防止战争的文件及编撰战争规则。会上通过了《和平解决国际争端公约》，并依据该公约成立了常设仲裁法院。常设仲裁法院于19开始工作。

联合国的前身是“国际联盟”。该组织是在与第二次世界大战情况类似的第一次世界大战的背景下构想出来的。“国际联盟”是根据《凡尔赛和约》于19成立的，其宗旨是“促进国际合作和实现世界和平和安全”。

1945年4月25日-6月26日，来自50国家的代表参加了在美国旧金山举行的联合国国际组织会议，会议的目的是起草《联合国宪章》。代表们在中国、苏联、联合王国和美国四国代表于1944年8月-10月在美国顿巴顿橡树园会议上提出的提案基础上进行了讨论。1945年6月26日，50国家的代表签署了《联合国宪章》。当时波兰没有派代表参加此次会议，但后来签署了《联合国宪章》，因而成为联合国51个创始会员国之一。

在中国、法国、苏联、联合王国和美国以及大多数其他签字国批准《联合国宪章》之后，联合国组织与1945年10月24日正式成立。从此，10月24日成为每年都要庆祝的联合国日。

II．UN EMBLEM AND FLAG

EMBLEM

Description:

The current United Nations emblem was approved on 7 December 1946. The design is “a map of the world representing an azimuthal equidistant projection centred on the North Pole, inscribed in a wreath consisting of crossed conventionalized branches of the olive tree, in gold on a field of smoke-blue with all water areas in white. The projection of the map extends to 60 degrees south latitude, and includes five concentric circles”.

Symbolism:

Olive branches symbolize peace. The world map depicts the area of concern to the United Nations in achieving its main purpose, peace and security.

Use:

The use of the emblem is restricted, based on General Assembly resolution 92(I),1946.

FLAG

Date:

20 October 1947

Description:

The official emblem of the United Nations in white, centered on a light blue ground.(PMS 279)

Proportions:

Hoist (width) : Fly (length) 2:3 or 3:5 or the same proportions as the national flag of any country in which the UN flag is flown; the emblem is one half of the hoist and is entirely centered.

Use:

The use of the flag is regulated by the United Nations flag code and regulations.

III. 联合国总部一览

通讯地址美国，NY 10017，纽约市，联合国。

四大主体建筑物秘书处大厦、大会大厦、会议楼区域（包括各理事会会议厅）和图书馆。

设计师沃里斯哈里森（美国人，总建筑师）；成员：尼古拉巴索夫（苏联）、盖斯顿 Brunfaut（比利时）、厄内斯特柯米尔（加拿大）、查尔斯柯布西埃（法国）、梁思成（中国）、斯文马克利乌斯（瑞典）、奥斯卡尼迈耶（巴西）、霍华德罗伯逊（英国）、G. A. Soilleux（澳大利亚）、Julio Vilamajo（乌拉圭）。

开工日期 1949年10月24日

造价 6500万美元

耸立在曼哈顿岛东岸、横跨纽约市东河两岸的联合国总部是和平的象征和希望的灯塔。地球上60亿人民的代表经常聚集在这个占地18英亩的地方，就和平、公正及经济和社会福利等问题进行商讨、作出决定。

也正是在这里，联合国秘书处的男女工作人员努力工作着，将这些决定付诸行动。有着高耸的玻璃幕墙的秘书处大厦、有着优美的圆弧外形的低矮的大会堂，加上蓝白相间的联合国旗，这些都已成为联合国这个国际组织的鲜明标志。

IV. The Biography of Kofi Annan

Kofi Annan of Ghana is the

篇3：Module 6 Unit 1 全单元简案(译林牛津版高二英语选修六教案教学设计)

Period 1 Welcome to the unit

Teaching Objectives:

1) To get students to conduct a free discussion about comic shows.

2) To encourage the students to share their ideas with each other.

Important points and difficult points:

1) Students are expected to describe what they have known about comedy and comedians..

2) To encourage the students to communicate with classmates.

Teaching procedures:

Step1 Lead in

A crosstalk show by Hou Baolin.

Step2 Talking about the pictures

Look at the pictures shown and discuss with a partner.

Step3 Group discussion

1. Which of the events above do you think will be the funniest? Why?

2. Who is your favourite comedian? Why do you like him or her?

3. Why do people like funny things?

Step 4 Homework : Preview reading.

Period 2 Reading Stand-up for your health！

Teaching aims:

1) To talk about a magazine article about stand-up comedy and why people love it.

2) To help the students develop the ability of reading.

Teaching procedures:

Step1 Lead-in

1.Brief introduction

2. Match these new words with the correct definitions

Step2 Skimming &Listening

Qs: 1. What is the article about ?

2. How many types of stand-up are there?

3. What is laughter good for?

Step 3 Scanning

1. What is special about stand-up comedy?

2. What are the four main types of stand-up?

3. When did Bill Crystal begin practising stand-up?

4. What is one reason Billy Crystal has become famous?

5. How many times has Billy Crystal hosted the Academy Awards

6. Who were Bob Hope and George Burns?

7. What does your brain do when you laugh?

8. What is the English idiom about laughter mentioned in the text?

Step 4 Activity

Match each type of stand-up with an appropriate example.

Step 5 A brief introduction of a famous comedian---Billy Crystal

Step 6 Fill in the blanks with suitable words

Step 7 Discussion

1. What kind of comedy do you enjoy the most? Why?

2. Laughter is good for you and for everyone else. How do you make other people laugh?

3. Tell a funny story to your classmates.

Step 8 Reading strategy: guess the meaning of a word from the context

Step 9 Homework.

1. Read the passage carefully and review the new words and phrases.

2. Finish exercises on P4---5.

Period 3 Word Power

Teaching Objectives:

1） To understand the text better

2） To master some useful words and expressions

Important and difficult points:

Some useful words and expressions

Teaching procedures:

Step 1 Check the homework.

Step 2 Revision of the reading passage.

Step 3 Presentation Study words used in play scripts.

To be a successful actor, you need to learn the vocabulary used on stage. All the actors in a play are called the cast. The person in charge is the director. He or she gives the actors instructions about how to perform. The words that the actors say are called their lines., and they can be found in the script.

If you are an actor, you need to know where your character is supposed to stand on the stage. The director will tell you, and sometimes the script will contain instructions. A piece of information like this is called a stage director.

The script is divided into sections, called acts and scenes. Plays are made up of several acts. Acts are like chapters in a book and are made up of different scenes. Scenes are like paragraphs in a book. The scene changes when the action of a play moves to a different place. Very short plays are often called one-act plays. This means all the action occurs at one time, in one place. You will need to know these terms in order to be a successful actor.

Step 4 Practice Word study

1. Fill in the blanks with using key words on page 6.

If you want to be an _____ , there are certain thins you will need to know before you can be in a play. The first is to always listen to the ________. He or she will help you learn your ________ and say them in the most believable way possible. The other members of the ______ can also help you. When you get your _______ and are ready to begin learning your lines, start by finding out when your character is on _______ . Look at your script, and make a list of which _______ and ______ you are in. You will be expected to be dressed in your ______ and waiting in the _______a least one scene before you go on stage. If your character uses any ____ , make sure you know where they are before you go on stage.

When you get on stage, you may be surprised by how bright the ______ are and how different the stage looks like with _____. Don’t worry, just follow the ______ that you learnt, and say your lines, and you will do fine!

2. Find some idioms about smiling and laughing.

a.to laugh one’s head off → to laugh very hard

eg: I went to see the new comedy. It made me laugh my head off.

b .to smile on/upon sb/sth → approve of or encourage sb/sth

If luck is smiling on you , it means that you are fortunate or lucky.

eg: Luck was smiling on me that day as I won first place in the competition.

→ If the weather is smiling on you, it means that you are enjoying a bright day.

eg: The weather has been smiling on us these days.

c. More idioms about laughing and smiling:

laugh away laugh at laugh in a person’s face laugh down smile at

Step 5 Homework:

Finish the exercises in the workbook.

Period 4 Grammar and usage Overview of tenses 1: present tense

Teaching Objective :

To Introduce the usage of present tenses

Teaching important point:

The basic usage of present tenses in different situations.

Teaching difficult point:

How to use proper present tenses in various sentences

Teaching procedures:

Step1 Revision and lead-in:

Step2 Presentation Types of present tenses and their usage.

Simple present tense: The simple present tense is used to talk about things that are true now or are always true / occur regularly.

eg. The sun sets in the west.

These old people watch TV every evening.

The present continuous tense: This tense is used to talk about actions that are happening or in progress now/ are being planned now, but will happen in the future/ happen repeatedly, used with always, usually with a negative connotation..

Eg. They are standing there talking and laughing.

We are going to an evening party tonight.

You are always asking your parents for money.

The present perfect tense: This tense is used to talk about how the past and present are connected. It is used for: experiences that are repeated/ things that happened in the past, but have an effect on the present/ things that started in the past and are still happening now.

Eg. They haven’t seen each other for ages.

Doctors have found that people who laugh a lot live longer.

People have always enjoyed laughing.

The present perfect continuous tense: It is used to talk about actions that started in the past, have lasted up to now and will probably continue to happen.

Eg. It has been raining for a week on end.

Step3 Practice Choose the best answer from the given four

Step4 Consolidation Complete the passage using correct forms of the tenses in brackets.

Step5 Homework

Complete the exercises in the workbook

Period 5 Task Writing to a foreign friend.

Teaching Aims:

To train the students’ ability of writing.

To practise writing an e-mail to a foreign friend.

Teaching procedure:

Step 1. Review and lead-in

Step 2. Presentation

Writing skills building 1: identifying priority

When you are asked to do something, it is important to identify the most important part of the task. The language used in requests helps you to identify what is most important and what is least important. e.g. ‘ I need….’ ( most important)

The word ‘need’ tells you that the request which follows is very important.

‘ I want…’ ( somewhat important)

The word ‘ want’ tells you that the request is very important, but it is more something they desire than something that is necessary.

‘ I would like…’ ( least important)

The use of ‘ would like” tells you right away that the request is not too urgent.

Writing Skills building 2: asking questions orally

When you ask questions orally, you must remember to use the correct question words. You should also vary the forms of questions you ask. Try not to as k several questions in a row, using the exact same words. This will help to keep the dialogue interesting.

e.g. Do you know…..? ( used for general questions)

Can you name……? ( used when the answer is a proper noun

Who is/are…? ( used when the answer is a person or people’s names)

Please tell me… ( used for general questions)

When did…? (used when the answer is a date or a period of time)

Please list… ( used when there are several parts to the answer)

Writing Skills building 3: answering questions in an e-mail

People often send an e-mail to answer questions from friends, family members and colleagues. When you answer questions in an e-mail, it is important to remind the person you are writing to of the questions you are answering. It you write down your answers, the recipient may not now what question each one answers.

篇4：第六模块第三单元单词导学案 (译林牛津版高二英语选修六教案教学设计)

第六模块第三单元单词导学案

1. difference n.差别，差异，

the difference between A and B in sth 这两部机器的构造没有什么区别。

There isn’t any difference in structure between the two machines.

make a / some/no difference (没)有影响，(不)起重要作用

It makes no difference to me whether he goes or not.不管它去还是不去，对我都没有影响。

different adj. A be different from B in sth differ vi. A differ from B

It won’t make much _______ whether you agree or not.

A. trouble B. difference C. troubles D. differences

2.in celebration of …: to celebrate 为了庆祝…

They held a party in celebration of his birthday.

People spend Christmas in celebration of the birth of Jesus Christ.

人们过圣诞节是为了庆祝耶稣基督的诞生。

in favor of 支持，赞同 in need of 需要 =in want (n,需要)of

in praise of 为颂扬，赞美 in honor of 为了纪念，庆祝，欢迎

in memory of 为了纪念， in terms of 在---方面，从---方面来说

congratulate v.祝贺 congratulate sb on sth/doing…

congratulation n. congratulations to sb. on sth./doing…

Fred has passed the examination. Let’s have a little party to ___ him ___ his success.

A.congratulate; on B. celebrate; for

C. celebrate; on D. congratulate; for

The three sisters decided to hold a family party to ________ their parents’ silver wedding.

A. welcome B. congratulate C. memorize D. celebrate

3.embarrass v. (使)窘迫，(使)为难 embarrassing adj.令人尴尬的

embarrassed adj. 感到尴尬的 embarrassment n. 尴尬

He stood there with an_________ expression when he heard the __________ news

4.participate v，参加 participant n.参加者，参与者

participate in 参加。。。

He couldn't participate in the games because of his sudden illness.

Professionals cannot participate in the tournament.

5.adjust v.适应 ,调节，调整 adjust to (主语)适合…,适应

adjust oneself to sth 使自己适应…… adjust sth 调整。。。

It was a few minutes before his eyes adjusted to the dark.

The body quickly adjusts to changes in temperature.

You can adjust this desk to the height of any child.

The button is for adjusting the volume.

adopt v. 收养，采纳 adapt v.适应，改编

adapt to 适应 adapt oneself to 使－适应

My camera can be _____ to take pictures in cloudy or sunny conditions.

A. treated B. adopted C. adjusted D. remedied

6.analyse vt. 分析…..,研讨；分解 analysis n. (pl. analyses) 分析，分解；分析结果

We analysed the cause of our failure. a chemical analysis 化学分析

We made a careful analysis of the problem.

7.anyhow=anyway无论如何，不管怎样

You must finish the task within one week anyway.

somewhat 有点儿，有几分

The price is somewhat higher than I expected.

somehow 不知怎么的，用某种方法

Don’t worry, we’ll get the money back somehow.

I'm certain David's told you his business troubles. ______, it's no secret that he owes a lot of money to the bank.

A. However B. Anyway C. Therefore D. Though

8.approve vt. 批准;认可

The mayoress approved the new building plans.

vi. 赞成; 赞许 [(+of)]

I’m afraid your parents won’t approve of your going there.

My parents don't approve of my choice.

approval n. 赞成；赞许;批准

9.take up 占据（时间，空间），开始从事，开始做（某事）

Sorry, I've taken up so much of your time.

The large desk takes up most of the office.

He has taken up photography for so many years

take over 接管，接手，接任 take back 收回（说错的话）

take up 开始从事；占据（空间或时间）；

take off脱下；起飞；突然成功，开始走红 take out 拿出，带出去

take away 拿走，带走 take in 理解，领会，吸收，欺骗

take on 接受，雇佣，呈现 take after 长得像

take to 开始喜欢 take to dong sth 开始养成。。。的习惯

I took to John immediately. Recently he’s taken to wearing a cap.

10.give out散发，分发；释放；被用完，耗尽

The teacher asked the monitor to give out our exam papers.

The sun gives out heat and light, which brings us endless energy.

Our supply of sugar has given out.

give away泄露；赠送 give back 归还

give in 屈服 give up 放弃 doing sth

give off 散发出（气味）

Papers are ______ to all the new students five minutes earlier before each examination.

A. given off B. given up C. given in D. given out

After a week’s work, my strength _________.So I failed to see you in hospital.

A.gave way B. gave out C. gave off D. gave in

11.request n.请求，要求

I am sorry I cannot consent to your request.

at one‘s request / at the request of …根据……的请求

in (great) request有(很大)需求

①We came to the party at the request of Miss Li.

②He is such a good singer that he is in great request.

request v.请求，要求 request sth

request sb to do sth request that sb (should )do

①Many people have requested new book.

②Visitors are requested not to touch the paintings.

③I requested that he (should) leave.

It was requested that the play ____again

A. should put on B. would put on C. be put on D. put on

12.hold up意为“延迟，阻碍、搀扶，支撑；举起，抬起”。

The broken cars held up the traffic.

The plastic bag can't hold up your big dictionary.

The teacher told us to hold up our right hands.

hold back 拦阻；阻挡；隐瞒 hold down 控制，抑制

hold in 克制，忍住 hold on 挺住，抓紧，不挂断

hold out 维持，坚持；伸出 hold off (doing sth) 推迟

hold up 延迟，阻碍、搀扶，支撑；举起，抬起

The thieves _____ him _____ in the park, took his wallet and escaped.

A. held .. back B. held .. up C. held .. on D. held .. out

The young man is such a person who __________ and never speaks to the people around him politely.

A．holds up his head high B. holds back his own

C．keeps his head D. keeps his head above water

13.remark说；谈论；评述 remark that从句 remark on / upon sth

① The readers remarked that the article was well written.

② It would be rude to remark on her appearance.

remark n.所说的话，评论，意见 make remarks on / about评论，评述；谈论

remarkable adj 杰出的 remarkably adv. 杰出地

comment on sth make a comment on/about

make comments on /about sth 对…作出评论

14.contact n. (u)交往, 接触,关系,联络

be in touch/contact with与…有联系 get in touch/contact with与…联络

keep in touch/contact with与…保持联系 lose contact/touch with与…失去联系

be out of contact/touch失去联系,中断联络

15.account n.

⑴报道，描述，描写a vivid account of the event ⑵帐户 open a current account

on account of 因为由于 by/from all accounts 根据各方面所说

take sth into account/ take account of sth 考虑到

account for

A number o factors account for the differences between the two scores.

(是…的原因，引起，导致）

Repeat purchases account for 73% of our sales.(占据，占）

You should account for your behaviour.(对…作出解释）

16.belong vi.属于 belong to 属于

From now on, this house belongs to your brothers and sisters.

belongings n.财产；所有物；携带物

He packed his few belongings in a bag and left.

belong 不用于进行时，无被动形式

China is belonged to developing countries.(╳)

China belongs to developing countries.( √)

17.have power over控制，支配

It's impossible for you to have power over all things including your life.

come to power / be in power执政；当权；上台

beyond one’s power 超出…的权力

Multiple choices:

1.The village is a very different place it was when I was a boy and there are many _____ the villagers’ points of view.

A. from what; differences from B. from what; differences in

C. from that; differences from D. from that; differences in

2. Her singing career _______ after her TV appearance.

A. took up B. took away C. took off D. took on

3. The judges remarked ______ the high standard of entries for the competition.

A. about B. on C. with D. to

4. Madame Michel found herself in an position, and therefore she felt rather .

A. embarrassing; embarrassed B. embarrassed; embarrassed

C. embarrassing; embarrassing D. embarrassed; embarrassing

5. During our staying in London, we paid a visit to the hospital founded the nurse Florence Nightingale.

A. in celebration of B. in honor of C. in favor of D. in place of

6. - Why are you so late?

-The bus was for an hour because a tree had fallen across the road.

A. held out B. held on C. held back D. held up

7. The desks and seats can be to the height of any child.

A. adopted B. adapted C. adjusted D. admired

8. We a sentence when we explain the form and use of every word in it.

A. separate B. analyze C. explain D. summary

9. Can you move the desk a little further, for it most of the office？

A. takes up B. takes off C. takes in D. take on

10. A warm thought suddenly came to me _______I might use the pocket money to buy some flowers for my mother’s birthday.

A. if B. when C. that D. which

11. There was so much smoke in the factory _____ the workers were working _____ the firefighters couldn't see clearly.

A. that; that B. that; where C. where; that D. where; where

12. I just wonder that makes him so excited.

A. why it does B. what he does C. how it is D. what it is

篇5：模块6第2单元reading 1 happiness(译林牛津版高二英语选修六教案教学设计)

The search for happiness

江苏东海高级中学杨金锋

Teaching Aims:

1. Learn and master the following words and expressions:

goal; times; devote; remain; adapt; apart; rush; cheer; spirit; focus…on; cost; due to; range;

2. Train the students’ reading ability.

3. Get the students to learn about the gymnast Sang Lang.

Teaching Important Points:

1. Learn to use the following useful phrases:

goal; times; devote; remain; adapt; apart; rush; cheer; spirit; focus…on; cost; due to; range;

2. Train the students’ reading ability.

Teaching Difficult Points:

How to help the students understand the text exactly, especially the following sentences:

1. She must have been very sad.

2. While she was injured and in hospital, the world was amazed by the way she remained cheerful.

Teaching Methods:

1. Fast reading to get a general idea of the text.

2. Careful reading to get the detailed information.

3. Asking-and-answering to help the students understand the text exactly.

4. discussion

Teaching Aids:

1. the multimedia

2. a tape recorder

Teaching Procedures:

The search for happiness

Lead in:

T: We talked about happiness yesterday, do you think happiness is easy to get?

S: Yes.

T: Can you give some examples?

S: Spending time with family; learning new things, reading Doing excitings …

T: But different people have different opinions ,do you think so?

Happiness changes when age changes. I n children’s eyes, it is a toy or candy or a delicious meal . in elder’s eyes it is peaceful in young men’s eyes, it is money or honour what is the happiness to you ?

S: Reach our goal… make rapid progress…

T: what’s the happiness in the disabled eyes?

S: without pain or be alive

T :However everyone try to find happiness.

Presention : ( Learn reading strategy P19) Let’s read an interview how to find happiness>do you know what an interview is? ( Learn reading strategy P19)

S: An interview takes place when one person asks another person a series of questions on a topic

Where is the topic ? in the first para.

What should we pay attention to ? questions and answers

Fast-reading

Read the text quickly and answer the following questions:

1. What is the topic of the TV interview?

2. What is the name of the psychologist?

3. When and where was Sang Lan born?

4. What does Sang Lan hope to do in ?

Careful-reading

Listen to the tape of the text and then try to do True or False questions. If it is False, correct it.

(1) The topic of the TV interview was the story of Sang Lan.

(2) Dr. Brain studies happiness.

(3) Sang Lan became a gymnast when she was eleven years old.

(4) Sang Lan was injured in China in , while practicing for the Goodwill Games.

(5) Before her accident, Sang Lan’s best event was the vault.

(6) Sang Lan broke her legs and will never walk again.

(7) Leonardo DiCaprio visited Sang Lan in the hospital.

(8) Sang Lan believes doing no work keeps her happy.

Since the topic of this interview is happiness, let’s see how does Sang Lan find happiness and try to describe what kind of girl she is. Fill in the following form.

How to find happiness Before going to hospital (1) She had been a _____ junior gymnast for 11 years.

(2) She started winning _____ in 1991 and kept working hard.

(3) She was happy, _____, hard-working and successful in her sport.

(4) She was happy to _____ herself to gymnastics though she had to live apart from her parents.

(5) She was working towards something _____, and making her parents proud.

While staying in hospital (1) She is in good spirits, remaining _____.

(2) She is able to overcome her _____ and just be proud of the things she had accomplished.

(3) She feels happy to be _____ and lucky to have the rest of her life to learn new things.

(4) She finds happiness through reaching much smaller _____, and through the love of the people around her.

After leaving hospital (1) She went back to China and studied _____ at Peking University.

(2) She is _____ a sports programme about the 2008 Olympics.

(3) She likes to think about _____ things and stay _____.

(4) She believes that keeping _____ help her to stay positive.

Consolidation :

1. We’ve learn more about sang lan. Can you describe her? What great personality of her? Using a spider and ask ss to write adjs to on the Bb.

Dedicated, energetic, hard working, successful, outgoing, positive, optimistic…

2. Suppose you were a reporter from CCTV5, you will interview Sanglan , what would you ask her according to the interview or others?

For example

Reporter: What’s the secret to happiness?

Sanglan : to think about good things…

Discussion:

what can you learn from Sanglan?

Draw a conclusion:

with happiness, life becomes colorful and wonderful

Without happiness, life is dry and meaningless, we should work hard

Homework:

Write a short passage about Sanglan.

课文阅读理解

The Search for Happiness

All about Sang Lan Detailed information

Her life and work She was born 1. _________ in 1981 and began learning 2. _________ at the age of 6;her best event was vault.

Her characters She is 3. _________, happy and hard working. She likes to think about positive thins and stay 4. _________.

Her accident and result Sang made a mistake while practicing a 5. _________ and fell and broke her neck. She would never 6. _________.

Her bravery and courage She was in good spirits; she didn’t cry about what she had lost and feeling hopeless, but thought about what she could do to get better. She was able to 7. _________ and just be proud of the things she had accomplished. She felt happy to be alive and lucky to have the rest of her life to8. _________.

Her new life She has studied 9. _________ at Peking University. She is also hosting a 10. _________ about the 2008 Beijing Olympics.

篇6：模块六短语(译林牛津版高二英语选修六教案教学设计)

M6U1

1有益于…

对…友善

擅长于…

2有幽默感

3取笑，拿…开玩笑

4没有作出回应

对…作出回应

5给某人留下印象

6为…而排队等候

插队

7做…毫无意义

8编造，补偿，弥补，和解，调停

9学术氛围

10对…来说是合适的

11走…道路，照…样子干，效仿他人

12当（成为）演员，登台演出

13想到，想起

14对…很热心，热衷于做…

15对…严厉的，粗暴的

16值得做

17接受，呈现，雇佣

18接下去，继续

19好像/ 似乎要做某事

20为…腾出地方，让出空间

21因…而生某人的气

22拥挤，挤满

23愚弄某人

24欺骗某人做…

25拆开，拆除

把…撕成两半

26突然大哭/ 大笑

27（生气，愤怒地）瞪着

28拿出，伸出

29一叠貌似官方的文件

30一种至关重要的娱乐形式

M6U2

1被打算用来做

2催促某人做…使赶紧做…

3意味着在…上取得成功

4达到一个目标

5与身体上的残疾做斗争

6在困难/古代时期

7受伤住院

8参加体操锦标赛

9一个专心致志的体操小将

10描述某人为…

某人被描述/形容为

11远离她的父母

12把自己投身于，献身于

13使她付出未来幸福为代价

以牺牲…为代价

14被急送至最好的医院

15处于良好的/低落的精神状态

16克服她的失落

17适应她的新生活

18学习新闻专业

19主持一个体育节目

20想积极的事情并保持乐观

21赢得全世界人们的同情和赞赏

22一个模范

23尽某人最大的努力做…

24羡慕或嫉妒某人/物

25选择，努力争取某事物

26对…满足/满意

27安排某人/物做某事

28信任，信奉

相信某人所说的话

29给某人分配某物

30停止赶某事

31对…感到厌倦/疲惫

因…而感到劳累

32回顾过去

33在某人的指导下

34比…更早，更前

35在校的黄金时期

36匆忙地，急切地

37在阳光下和朋友们玩耍

38照顾一切

39当还是一个无辜的孩子时

40享受某人的青春时代

41最生动幸福的记忆

42看到我在…上的成功

43独立于，不以来于

44与某人交流，把…传达给某人

45保证做某事

对某人保证

在保修期内

46帮助某人做某事

47做伴，一起

和某人一起

48作出某人自己的决定

49给某人做某事的动力

50有一份稳定的工作

M6U3

1搜集一些更多的信息

2做一份家作

3体验文化差异

4一直，至始至终

5然而用不同的口音

6在文化上的难以置信的差异

7无论何时说到这个话题

8对…有/没有/有些作用和影响

9庆祝…

10庆祝第一个丰收节

11加入聊天室

12在期末典礼上

13看到那人的反应

14在婚礼传统之间的相似点

15出错

16和…不同

17期望某人做某事

18说得更清楚些

19举行一个盛大的宴会

20参加婚礼招待会

21敲鼓

22习惯于做…

23用食指指

24努力适应做

25皇室的颜色

26脱掉鞋子

27和…一样

28该是某人做某事的时候了

29关机，下线

30合适的行为举止

31帮助某人某事

32毕竟

33做某事的好办法

34解除误会

35避免在交流上的错误

36放爆竹

37总的说来，归纳起来

38有…的习惯

养成做…的习惯

39表示同意

40充满了雄心壮志

41咨询医生

42占据时间，地方；从事

43分发，发出（气味，热），用完，耗尽

44应某人的请求

45请求某人干…

46延误，阻碍

47对…作出评论

48某一个学生

对…有把握

49和…有关

对…关心

50与…接触

使某人接触

与…保持/失去联系

与…取得联系

51与某人相互交往/合作/联系

与某物效果户作用/影响

52对某事物有力量,勇气,能力等;能胜任

53以某物交换他物，

以此物代替彼物

54靠勤奋创业或树名声等

将某物分割成份或片；瓜分

55保密/隐藏

56决不可以，切莫

考虑到，顾及到

由于，因为

57控制，支配

在某人能力所及的范围之内

58打猎，搜捕

M6U4

1．谈及（做）某事

2．查字典

3．担当（某一角色）

4．在……的保护下，在……管理下

5．除了，还有；远离，和……不在一起

6．提出，制定出；出发，动身；开始，着手

7．作为……的代表

8．只要

9．出故障；抛锚

10．处于混乱状态

11．死于心脏病

12．从一地到另一地

13．得到；抓住

14．让人想起……，提醒某人某事

15．提醒某人做某事

16．回想

17．产生变化，发生改变

18．感到荣幸地做某事

19．管理一家工厂

20．给某人动手术

21．缺乏……

22．因缺乏……

23．教育的匮乏

24．从各方面来说

25．面临困难

26．面对着，在……情况下

27．朝南

28．吸引某人的为注意力到……

29．以……为基础，建立在……基础之上

30．建立，成立

31．合作解决问题

32．在……的帮助下

33．正如你们所知道的

34．令人敬重的组织

35．一笔钱

36．幸运的话

37．争取实现八个目标

38．新鲜的饮用水

39．完成小学教育

40．可得到的；可接近的

41．目标做某事

42．改善生活标准

43．创造就业机会

41．筹钱

42．资助一个儿童

43．承担得起……的费用

44．由某人付费

45．在个人层面上

46．专心学习

47．故意地

48．怀着做某事的目的

49．被誉为……

50．因……而受到尊敬

51．被授予

52．被迫做某事

53．通过……方法

54．决不

55．使某人欣慰的是

56．推荐做某事

57．医疗保健

58．一片狼藉

59．语言障碍

60．局限于（做）某事

61．做有意义的事

62．从另一方面看事情

63. ……的收藏

M6U1

1有益于…

对…友善

擅长于…

2有幽默感

3取笑，拿…开玩笑

4没有作出回应

对…作出回应

5给某人留下印象

6为…而排队等候

插队

7做…毫无意义

8编造，补偿，弥补，和解，调停

9学术氛围

10对…来说是合适的

11走…道路，照…样子干，效仿他人

12当（成为）演员，登台演出

13想到，想起

14对…很热心，热衷于做…

15对…严厉的，粗暴的

16值得做

17接受，呈现，雇佣

18接下去，继续

19好像/ 似乎要做某事

20为…腾出地方，让出空间

21因…而生某人的气

22拥挤，挤满

23愚弄某人

24欺骗某人做…

25拆开，拆除

把…撕成两半

26突然大哭/ 大笑

27（生气，愤怒地）瞪着

28拿出，伸出

29一叠貌似官方的文件

30一种至关重要的娱乐形式

be good for

be good to

be good at

have a sense of humour

make fun of

make no response

in response to

make an impression on

queue up for sth.

jump the queue

There is no point/ sense in doing sth.

make up

academic atmosphere

be appropriate to/ for sth.

follow in the footsteps of sb.

be/ go on the stage

occur to sb./ come into one’s mind

be enthusiastic about (doing)sth.

be tough/ hard/ severe with

be worth doing/ be worthy to be done/ be worthy of being done/ 主+be worthwhile doing/ to do

take on

move on

as if to do

make room for sth.

be annoyed with sb.

be crowded with

make a fool of sb

fool sb into doing

tear down

tear sth in half/ two

burst into tears/ laughter

burst out crying/ laughing

glare at

hold out

a stack of official-looking papers

a vital form of entertainment

M6U2

1被打算用来做 be meant/ intended/ designed to do

2催促某人做…使赶紧做… rush sb. into doing sth.

3意味着在…上取得成功 mean achieving success in …

4达到一个目标 meet/ achieve/ reach a goal

5与身体上的残疾做斗争 struggle with a physical disability

6在困难/古代时期 in difficult/ ancient times

7受伤住院 be injured and in hospital

8参加体操锦标赛 compete in the gymnastics tournament

9一个专心致志的体操小将 a dedicated junior gymnast

10描述某人为… describe sb. as…

某人/物被描述/形容为 sth./ sb. be described as…

11远离她的父母 (live) apart from her parents

12把自己投身于，献身于 devote/ dedicate oneself to doing

13使她付出未来幸福为代价 cost her her future happiness

以牺牲…为代价 at the cost of (one’s life)

14被急送至最好的医院 be rushed to a top hospital

15处于良好的/低落的精神状态 be in good/ high/ low/ poor spirits

16克服她的失落 overcome her disappointment

17适应她的新生活 adapt to her new life

18学习新闻专业 study journalism

19主持一个体育节目 host a sports programme

20想积极的事情并保持乐观 think about positive things and stay optimistic

21赢得全世界人们的同情和赞赏 win the sympathy and admiration of people

across the world

22一个模范 a role model

23尽某人最大的努力做… try one’s hardest/ best to do

24羡慕或嫉妒某人/物 be jealous of

25选择，努力争取某事物 go for sth.

26对…满足 be content with

27安排某人/物做某事 arrange for sb./ sth. to do

28信任，信奉 believe in

相信某人所说的话 believe sb.

29给某人分配某物 allocate sth. to sb.

30停止赶某事 quit doing

31对…感到厌倦/疲惫 be tired of

因…而感到劳累 be tired from

精疲力竭 be tired out= be worn out

32回顾过去 look back (on sth.)

33在某人的指导下 be under sb’s guidance

34比…更早，更前 ahead of

35在校的黄金时期 golden days at school

36匆忙地，急切地 in a rush/ hurry

37在阳光下和朋友们玩耍 play in the sunshine with friends

38照顾一切 take care of everything

39当还是一个无辜的孩子时 as an innocent child

40享受某人的青春时代 enjoy one’s adolescence

41最生动幸福的记忆 the most vivid and happiest memories

42看到我自己在…上的成功 see myself successful in …

43独立于，不依赖于 be independent of

44与某人交流，把…传达给某人 communicate with sb./ communicate sth. to sb.

45保证做某事 guarantee to do

对某人保证 guarantee sb. sth.= guarantee sth. to sb.

在保修期内 be under guarantee

46帮助某人做某事 assist sb. in doing/ to do

47做伴，一起 for company

和某人一起 in company with

48作出某人自己的决定 make one’s own decision

49给某人做某事的动力 give sb. the motivation to do

50有一份稳定的工作 have a secure job

M6U3

1搜集一些更多的信息 accumulate some more information

2做一份家作 do a piece of homework

3体验文化差异 experience cultural difference

4一直，至始至终 all the time

5然而用不同的口音 although with different accents

6在文化上的难以置信的差异 unbelievable difference in culture

7无论何时说到这个话题 Whenever it comes to this topic

8对…有/没有/有些作用和影响 make a/ no/ some difference to sb./ sth.

9庆祝… in celebration of

10庆祝第一个丰收节 celebrate the first harvest

11加入聊天室 join the chat room

12在期末典礼上 at the end-of-term ceremony

13看到那人的反应 see the person’s reaction

14在婚礼传统之间的相似点 There are similarities between wedding traditions

15出错 get things wrong

16和…不同 be different from

17期望某人做某事 expect sb. to do sth.

18说得更清楚些 to clarify

19举行一个盛大的宴会 have a huge banquet

20参加婚礼招待会 participate in a wedding reception

21敲鼓 play a drum

22习惯于做… be/ get used to doing

23用食指指 point with the first finger

24努力适应做 try to adjust to doing

25皇室的颜色 royal colour

26脱掉鞋子 take off one’s shoes

27和…一样 the same as

28该是某人做某事的时候了 It’s time for sb. to do sth.

29关机，下线 log off

30合适的行为举止 appropriate behavior

31母语 native language/ mother tongue

32毕竟 after all

33做某事的好办法 a good way to do sth.

34解除误会 clear up a misunderstanding

35避免在交流上的错误 avoid mistakes in communication

36放爆竹 set off firecrackers

37总的说来，归纳起来 in summary

38有…的习惯 be in the habit of doing

养成做…的习惯 fall/ get into the habit of doing

39表示同意 give one’s approval

40充满了雄心壮志 fill with ambition

41咨询医生 consult a doctor

42占据时间，地方；从事 take up

43分发，发出（气味，热），用完，耗尽 give out

44应某人的请求 at one’s request= at the request of sb.

45请求某人干… request sb. to do

46延误，阻碍 hold up

47对…作出评论 make remarks about sb./ on sth.

48某一个学生 a certain student= some student

对…有把握 be certain of/ about

49和…有关 be concerned with

对…关心 be concerned about

50与…接触 in / out of contact with

使某人接触 bring sb. into contact with

与…保持/失去联系 keep/ lose contact with

与…取得联系 make contact with

51与某人相互交往/合作/联系 interact with sb.

与某物相互作用/影响 interact with sth

52对某事物有力量,勇气,能力等;能胜任

53以某物交换他物， swap sth with sb

以此物代替彼物 swap (sb)/sth for sth swap sth over/ round

54靠勤奋创业或树名声等 carve sth out (for oneself)

将某物分割成份或片；瓜分 carve sth up

55保密/隐藏 under wraps/secret

56决不可以，切莫 on no account / not on any account

考虑到，顾及到 take into account / take account of sth

由于，因为 on account of sth

57控制，支配 have power over

在某人能力所及的范围之内 within one’s power

58打猎，搜捕 hunt for

M6U4

1．谈及（做）某事 refer to ( doing ) sth.

2．查字典 refer to / consult / turn to a dictionary

3．担当（某一角色） take on

4．在……的保护下，在……管理下 under the umbrella of

5．除了，还有；远离，和……不在一起 apart from

6．提出，制定出；出发，动身；开始，着手set out

7．作为……的代表 on behalf of

8．但愿，要是…就好了 if only

9．出故障；抛锚 break down

10．处于混乱状态 in chaos

11．死于心脏病 die from heart disease

12．从一地到另一地 from place to place

13．得到；抓住 get / catch hold of

14．让人想起……，提醒某人某事 remind sb. of sth.

15．提醒某人做某事 remind sb. to do sth.

16．回想 think back to / look back on

17．产生变化，发生改变 make a difference

18．感到荣幸地做某事 feel honored to do sth.

19．管理一家工厂 operate a factory

20．给某人动手术 operate on sb. / perform an operation on sb.

21．缺乏…… lack sth. / be lacking in sth.

22．因缺乏…… for lack of

23．教育的匮乏 lack of education

24．从各方面来说 from / in all aspects

25．面临困难 face difficulty / be faced with difficulty

26．面对着，在……情况下 in the face of

27．朝南 face ( to the ) south

28．吸引某人的为注意力到…… draw one’s attention to

29．以……为基础，建立在……基础之上 be based on

30．建立，成立 set up

31．合作解决问题 co-operate in solving problems

32．在……的帮助下 with the help of

33．正如你们所知道的， As you know,

34．令人敬重的组织 worthy organizations

35．一笔钱 a sum of money

36．幸运的话 with luck

37．争取实现八个目标 try and meet eight goals

38．新鲜的饮用水 fresh drinking water

39．完成小学教育 complete primary education

40．可得到的；可接近的 be accessible / available to

41．目标做某事 aim to do sth. / aim at doing sth.

42．改善生活标准 improve the living standards

43．创造就业机会 create employment opportunities

41．筹钱 raise money

42．资助一个儿童 sponsor a child

43．承担得起……的费用 afford the expense of

44．由某人付费 at one’s expense

45．在个人层面上 on individual level

46．专心学习concentrate on learning

47．故意地 on purpose

48．怀着做某事的目的 with the purpose / intention of doing sth.

49．被誉为…… be honored as

50．因……而受到尊敬 be honored for

51．被授予 be honored with

52．被迫做某事 be forced to do sth, .

53．通过……方法 by means of

54．决不 by no means

55．使某人欣慰的是 to one’s comfort

56．推荐做某事 recommend doing sth.

57．医疗保健 health care

58．一片狼藉 be in a mess

59．语言障碍 a language barrier

60．局限于（做）某事 be limited to doing

61．做有意义的事 do worthy things

62．从另一方面看事情 see things from another side

63. ……的收藏 a large collection of

篇7：M6Unit 2 project (译林牛津版高二英语选修六教案教学设计)

M6Unit 2 project

第一部分：自主学习

Ⅱ. 1.The writer is old. He says ‘when I was young’,implying that he is not young any more.

2.His days at school were the happiest of his life.

3.A teenager. Because in para3, the writer says ‘I will also be happy because I will be an adult then. ’

4.An adult can make his or her own decisions and do things he or she enjoys. He or she can have a job that he or she likes and finds happiness in being successful at it. Teenagers have to work hard at school and should always be doing or learning things, so they don’t have time to relax.

III. in a rush ；will have learned； affect; guarantee good health and happiness;

assist us with; the maximum amount of time; successful in my job and surrounded by;.

IV. Teenagers; ahead motivation;; worries; imagination; freedom; independently; secure; easily . aches;

1.本可能……但没有; 一定已做了某事；本应该…但没有；本没必要做…但…；

本不应该做…但做了；本可能……但没有；本不可能……但；B, D

2. 将来完成时；By the end of, will have planted; A

3. 想象, 猜想, 推测, 认为, 相信; 及物动词；You can imagine the situation there；I can't imagine his eating up the bread；你能想象眼睛看不见的感觉吗？B

形容词作宾语补足语；名词；形容词；分词；不定式；介宾短语

4．简单句; 回顾；回首，回忆;

I like to look back on my high-school days, which were the happiest in my life.

四下张望; 向前看; 往里看 / 调查；看不起、轻视；轻视，尊敬；浏览，检查，通过…看；检查

看起来像；look out； look up; look down; look up and down; look for; look after

5. 简单句; 两个， the maximam amount of time 和the minimum amount of time; 名词；

陪伴/同行/ 做伴；in ~ with 陪伴某人； keep sb ~ 给某人做伴，陪伴某人;in the ~ of 在…的陪伴下；同伴/公司； accompany .

I’ll stay here and keep you company.

He accompanied her friend to the concert.

第二部分：达标检测

1.It’s hard to imagine what it would be like to live on a deserted island.

2.I’m so hot. I feel like going swimming.

3.When I look back on my days in the countryside, I always think of the friendliness and kindness of the local people.

DBB

篇8：M6-U2 The search for happiness (译林牛津版高二英语选修六教案教学设计)

M6-U2 The search for happiness

Teaching Aims:

1. Enable the students to learn some information about sang lan and discuss the true meaning of the happiness.

2. To help the students develop the reading ability (including the analytic ability, summarizing ability and the ability of acquiring the information by different of ways and means.) by teaching the text.

3. To teach ss the basic characteristics of an interview and enable ss to master the reading strategy and become more competent in reading a business proposal.

Important and difficult points:

1. How to make ss master the structure and main idea of reading this passage.

2. How to improve their reading ability with various means of teaching

3. How to help the ss understand the article better without feeling monotony and finish the connected exercises.

Teaching methods:

Visual-scene, Tasked-based, Communicative method, Fast-reading method, Careful -reading method, Discussion & Activity.

Teaching facilities: PPT, tape-recorder, blackboard.

Teaching procedures:

Step 1 Greetings and lead-in

1. show a video on the happiness on the screen

2. Discussion: what does the happiness mean in your mind?

(Make a summary: Different people find happiness and fun in different things. There are certainly no criteria assessing which way of being happy is the best.)

3. Lead the text:

If possible, I will ask students to collect some relevant information before class. Tell students that they are going to read an interview from a TV programme about happiness. Ask students to exchange the background information and experience about Sang Lan they have found with each other. (show the ppt to complement their information and help ss get much more information of sang lan.)

Purpose:

1. Play a video to make ss feel very happy and in good mood and arouse their interests.

2. Encourage ss to express their minds using their own words.

Step-2: Fast-reading:

During this process: Ask students to skim the text and work out the structure to find out the main idea of the paragraphs and then finish the exercise A.

Step-3 Reading strategy: reading an interview.

Design question:

Tell ss to scan the style of whole text, then ask ss:

1. Do you find any different of this text. (Lead ss to answer: this is an interview.)

2. How to read an interview?

Step-4 careful reading

Reading the text again, then do some activities.

1. Choose some exercise from C1, C2 on the screen.

2.. Discussion: Encourage students to discuss freely their true feelings after reading Sang Lan’s story.

3. Brainstorm: What adjectives can you use to describe Sang Lan? Why?

Using the board designing, help ss master the main idea of the text. Ask students to describe Sang Lan's personality.

Purpose:

1. Varieties of teaching ways can arouse the ss’ interests as well as avoid the monotony during the process of reading the article.

2. I will design varieties of activities and approaches to meet the different need of the ss, and make full use of the multimedia to make the lesson vivid, interesting, and effective.

3. My aim at promoting the ss’ analytic ability, summarizing ability and the ability of acquiring the information by different of ways and means.

Step-5: consolidation and group work

1. Design charts and blanks on the screen to ask ss finish them for helping ss understand the text better.

2. group work( group discussion )

a. Do you think Sang Lan had had a happy life before she was injured?

b. Do you think Sang Lan has a happy life now?

c. What would you do if you had the same problem?

3. Then: Suppose you had a chance to talk face to face with Sang Lan, what would you like most to ask her about?(whole class discussion.) Purpose:

This serves as a consolidating exercise for students to practice their spoken English. Encourage them to discuss freely and bravely in English and later ask some students to express themselves.

(Make a summary of the whole text.)

Step-6 Homework

1. Underline the useful words, phrase and sentence patterns and know how to use them freely.

2. write a composition: what does the happiness mean in your mind?

.板书设计：

篇9：牛津英语模块6 词汇复习(译林牛津版高二英语选修六教案教学设计)

1. Do you prefer comedy or tragedy?

2. Nobody likes being made fun of in public.

3. I asked him a question but he made/gave no response.

4. There have been several responses to our advertisement.

5. Our call for new suggestions evoked(=produced) little response

6. .She opened the door in response to the knock.

7. I’m writing in response to the question you raised in your letter.

8. What’s your reaction to the news?

9. How did he react to your suggestion?

10. Children at this age tend to react against their parents by going against their wishes.

11. The suffering has affected both her mental and physical health.

12. There was a long queue outside the cinema.

13. We queued up for the bus with great anxiety.

14. This technology is still in its early stages.

15. People tend to work hard at this stage of life.

16. We can take the argument one stage further.

17. She acted on our suggestion.

18. A trained dog can act as a guide to a blind person.

19. He acted as if he had never seen me before.

20. Does the drug take long to act ( on the nerve centres)?

21. She’s been awarded a scholarship to study at Oxford.

22. The award for this year’s best actress went to …

23. Make exercise a part of your daily routine.

24. The fault was discovered during a routine check.

25. His bright clothes were badly appropriate for such a solemn occasion.

26. I think this is an appropriate moment to raise the question of my promotion.

27. Complaints must be addressed to the appropriate authority.

28. The new toys kept her amused for hours.

29. The children amused themselves by playing games.

30. Your support is vital to/for the success of my plan.

31. It’s vital that we should act at once.

32. The issues are of vital importance.

33. You don’t sound very enthusiastic about the idea.

34. She never lost her enthusiasm for teaching.

35. It was a tough decision to make.

36. He faces the toughest test of his leadership so far.

37. The smile on her face made it all worthwhile.

38. It didn’t seem worthwhile writing it all out again.

39. The painting is the work of a master.

40. It takes years to master a new language.

41. He has never mastered the art of public speaking.

42. We’ve decided to take on a new clerk in the accounts department.

43. These insects can take on the color of their surroundings.

44. His face took on a worried expression.

45. I’m too tired and I can’t take on extra work.

46. After she had got over/overcome her initial shyness, she became very friendly.

47. It’s a highly skilled job. We need skilled workers.

48. Reading and writing are two different skills.

49. The job calls for skill.

50. Hurry! Go and see what’s going on there.

51. Be careful while crossing the street.

52. I crossed his name off the list.

53. He stood still there with his arms crossed on his chest.

54. I felt warm and cosy sitting by the fire.

55. I was annoyed with him because he kept interrupting.

56. The river wanders through some very beautiful country.

57. The bus was crowded/packed with noisy schoolchildren.

58. The entire village was destroyed in the flood.

59. The disease threatens to wipe out the entire population.

60. She raised her finger to her lips as a sign for silence.

61. The builders raised the ceiling by 6 inches.

62. How do people react to the appeal to raise money for victims of the disaster?

63. His long absence raised fears about his safety.

64. The situation has raised concern both nationally and internationally.

65. We need to raise public awareness of the issue.

66. They are kids raised on a diet of hamburgers.

67. They raised some cattle on the farm.

68. She was never keen on performing in public because she was afraid of making a fool of herself.

69. She fooled the old man out of all his money.

70. He’s fooled a lot of people into believing he’s a rich man.

71. This material tears easily, so be careful when you wear it.

72. She’s so absorbed in the book that she simply couldn’t tear herself away from it.

73. I was torn between my friends and my family.

74. She burst into tears upon hearing the bad news.

75. She exited pretty quickly when she heard him arriving.

76. Ring the bell in an emergency.

77. The situation grew worse and the government declared a state of emergency.

78. I don’t hold out much hope that the weather will improve.

79. How much longer can our supplies hold out?

80. The town was surrounded but the people held out until help came.

81. He’s fond of making jokes about the mistakes his classmates have made.

82. “ Can’t you make your little boy behave(himself)?” said Mary, pointing to the naughty boy’s mother.

83. He tripped over the root of a tree and was hurt.

84. The two cars ran/crashed/knocked/bumped into each other in the darkness.

85. The speech made a strong impression on us.

86. First impressions are often misleading.

87. All such possibilities must be considered before we make a decision.

88. Like many other young people, he prefers pop music.

89. It’s known to us all that Beijing will host the Olympic Games.

90. The address is being broadcast live on TV.

91. Every time he’s caught being late, he will make up an excuse.

92. Girls make up two-thirds of the class.

93. The audience howled with laughter at the words.

94. I’ve never doubted his popularity with his students because he’s so humorous.

95. You’re expecting too much of her. After all, she’s so young.

96. Many young people now don’t hope to follow in the footsteps of their parents.

97. Taking regular exercise and having a balanced diet can help you stay healthy .

98. Whatever the cost, we must carry out the research work.

99. Please look up the new words in your dictionaries after class.

100. The kids looked up from their books at the knock.

101. Mind that all the sentences you make should make sense.

102. Soon/Shortly after their arrival, the play began.

103. Follow the instructions while in the lab.

104. The old buildings are being torn down to make room for the new mall.

105. It’s everyone’s duty to contribute to the construction of our society.

106. The boy burst in with a book in his right hand.

107. He got seriously injured in the accident.

108. They struggled just to pay their bills.

109. I struggled up the hill with the heavy bags.

110. He struggled against cancer for two years.

111. I struggled and screamed for help.

112. How did she manage to struggle free?

113. Life is hard but we all have to struggle on.

114. He is engaged in a bitter struggle with his rival to get control of the company.

115. They were struggling to get out of the burning car.

116. The accident disabled him from playing basketball.

117. On their small income they live very simply.

118. To put it simply, the new proposals mean that the average worker will be about 10% better paid.

119. I don’t like driving; I do it simply because I have to get to work each day.

120. She is very dedicated to her work.

121. The doctor dedicated her life/herself to finding a cure.

122. He dedicated his first book to his late mother.

123. The programme reviews the most important events of 1985.

124. The 800 meters is the fourth event of the afternoon.

125. The two villages are three miles apart.

126. The two sides in the dispute are still a long way apart and it is unlikely that any agreement will be reached.

127. He took the clock apart to repair it.

128. He and his wife are living apart.

129. It’s a good piece of work, apart from a few slight faults.

130. Apart from being too large, it just doesn’t suit me.

131. I don’t think we should devote any more time to this question.

132. Several pages of the paper were devoted to an account of the election.

133. He is very devoted to his wife.

134. Most of our meetings were devoted to discussing the housing problem.

135. They rushed out into the street.

136. The fire engine rushed past us as we waited at the traffic lights.

137. Doctors and medical supplies were rushed to the scene of the accident.

138. Don’t rush into marriage; you might regret it later.

139. There was a rush for the exits when the film ended.

140. She received severe head injuries in the accident.

141. She was in severe pain.

142. The rejection came as a severe blow to his pride.

143. She had a severe look on her face.

144. Competition for the job is very severe.

145. I heard the cheers of the crowd, and I knew our team was winning.

146. Christmas and New Year are a time of good cheer in the company of family and friends.

147. The crowd cheered( the president) as he drove slowly by.

148. She was cheered by the news from home.

149. Oh, come on----cheer up!

150. Give Mary a call; she needs cheering up.

151. He felt bright and cheerful and full of energy.

152. The restaurant is bright and cheerful.

153. She overcame injury to win the Olympic gold medal.

154. The two parties managed to overcome their differences on the issue.

155. In the final game Sweden easily overcame France.

156. She can’t overcome her shyness.

157. She’s accomplished a great deal in the last few weeks.

158. That’s it. Mission accomplished.

159. When we moved to France, the children adapted ( to the change) very well.

160. I’m afraid he can’t adapt to the idea of having a woman as his boss.

161. These styles can be adapted to suit individual tastes.

162. It took him a while to adapt himself to his new surroundings.

163. Three of his novels have been adapted for television.

164. She tried to be more positive(=confident) about her new job.

165. We should have positive attitudes towards life.

166. We must take positive steps to deal with the problem.

167. It will require positive action by all in the industry.

168. We’ve had a very positive response to the idea.

169. His family have been a very positive influence on him.

170. We have no positive evidence that she was involved.

171. Are you positive that you’ve never seen that man before?

172. Thinking positively is one way of dealing with stress.

173. The experts are optimistic about our chances of success.

174. He tried to inspire them to greater efforts.

175. I was inspired to work harder by her example.

176. She showed remarkable courage when she heard the bad news.

177. I didn’t have the courage to tell him the bad news.

178. She showed admirable self-control.

179. He’s always looking in the mirror, admiring himself.

180. I was filled with admiration for her courage.

181. The documentary aroused public sympathy for victims of the disaster.

182. I have no sympathy for her; it’s all her own fault.

183. He had always obeyed his parents without question.

184. You’ll have to observe the speed limit on the highway.

185. I’ve arranged for a taxi.

186. He called at 9, as arranged.

187. I’ve arranged for a doctor to see him.

188. We still have to arrange where to meet.

189. They went to Italy on a coach tour.

190. They believed the witness had been coached on what to say.

191. I coach people for English exams.

192. She coaches me in French.

193. A large sum has been allocated for buying new books for the library.

194. More resources are being allocated to the project.

195. The space available is not adequate for our needs.

196. There is a lack of training that is adequate to meet the future needs of industry.

197. I hope he will prove adequate to the job.

198. Her performance was adequate, though hardly exciting.

199. People are confused about all the different labels on food these days.

200. The children gave a confused account of what had happened.

201. He has decided to quit as manager of the team.

202. He quit the show last year because of his poor health.

203. I’m tired of watching television; let’s go for a walk.

204. The agency offers practical guidance to people starting their own business.

205. She went on holiday alone---she’s very independent.

206. He was innocent of the crime and was set free.

207. The man gave a vivid description of what happened.

208. He’s a shy boy who can’t communicate very well.

209. We can communicate with each other by sending e-mails.

210. Basic human rights, including freedom of speech, are now guaranteed.

211. The ticket will guarantee you free entry.

212. We guarantee to deliver your goods within a week.

213. These days getting a degree doesn’t guarantee you a job.

214. We’ll do all we can to assist you.

215. We’ll assist you in finding somewhere to live, so don’t worry.

216. Two men are assisting the police with their enquiries.

217. Anyone willing to assist can contact this number.

218. This heating system has an automatic temperature control.

219. Breathing is an automatic function of the body.

220. At the turn of a tap you get instant hot water.

221. The instant I saw him I knew he was the man the police were looking for.

222. What’s the maximum amount of wine you’re allowed to take through customs duty-free?

223. He smokes (up to) a maximum of ten cigarettes a day.

224. I enjoy Mary’s company.

225. He’s coming with me for company.

226. The children are very good company at this age.

227. Jane is very mature for her age.

228. Technology in this field has matured considerably over the last decade.

229. She has matured into one of the country’s finest actresses.

230. Information must be stored so that it’s secure from accidental deletion.

231. Check that all windows and doors have been made as secure as possible.

232. What’s the motivation behind this sudden change?

233. He’s intelligent enough but lacks motivation.

234. It doesn’t make any difference/the slightest difference to me whether you go or stay.

235. When you’re learning to drive, having a good teacher makes a big difference/makes all the difference.

236. There are no significant differences between the education systems of the two countries.

237. She noticed a marked difference in the children on her second visit.

238. Why don’t you settle your differences and be friends again?

239. Your age shouldn’t make any difference to whether you get the job or not.

240. Their house differs from mine in having no garage.

241. The brothers differ widely in their tastes.

242. people’s talents differ from person to person.

243.She looks different with her hair short.

244. Boys and girls may behave differently.

245. By investing wisely, she accumulated a fortune.

246. It is a long time since he has visited his native Poland.

247. The tiger is native to India.

248.The kangaroo is a native of Australia.

249. She speaks Italian like a native, though she is a native speaker of French.

250. Judging from his accent, he’s a Southerner.

251. This newspaper has a long tradition of attacking corruption and mismanagement.

252. He intends to continue the family tradition and seek a career in politics.

253. The traditional English breakfast includes bacon and eggs.

254. A great party was held that day in celebration of their fiftieth wedding anniversary.

255. These good results have given us something to celebrate.

256. He settled back in his chair and closed his eyes.

257. He settled himself comfortably in his usual chair.

258. I settled my daughter on the sofa and put a blanket over her.

259. Dust had settled on the tables and chairs.

260. Settle down, children; stop running about!

261. That’s settled; we’ll leave tomorrow.

262. It’s all settled---we’re leaving on the nine o’clock plane.

263. They settled their quarrel/differences in a friendly way.

264. The American West was hardly settled until the 19th century.

265. She settled (herself) down in a chair with a book and a cup of tea.

266. I hate all this travel; I want to get married and settle down.

267. It was so embarrassing when the children started laughing in the middle of the service.

268. He bought a little model of the Eiffel Tower as a souvenir of his holiday in Paris.

269. She asked him to clarify what he meant.

270. When will the government clarify its position on equal pay for women?

271. She didn’t participate in the discussion.

272. We want to encourage students to participate fully in the running of the college.

273. Details of the competition are available at all participating stores.

274. A back injury prevented active participation in any sports for a while.

275. I got a warm reception that day.

276. They’re holding a reception to welcome the new ambassador.

277. Leave your key at reception/at the reception desk.

278. According to the estate agent’s ad, the house has three bedrooms and two reception rooms.

279. Wine usually contains about 10% alcohol.

280. He’s been told by the doctor to keep off alcohol.

281. Watch out for sharp turns and adjust your speed accordingly.

282. Adjust your language to the age of your audience.

283. It took her a while to adjust to living alone after the divorce.

284. I hope you’ll quickly adjust yourself to student life.

285. It’s time for me to log off. Bye!

286. In order to log in ( to the system), you have to type in a special password.

287. You need a password to log in/on.

288. Let’s analyse the problem and see what went wrong.

289. The analysis of the food showed the presence of poison.

290. The following is a summary of our conclusions.

291. In summary, this was a disappointing performance.

292. She has an annoying habit of biting her fingernails.

293. I smoke only out of/from habit; I wish I could break the habit.

294. My daughter’s got into the habit of turning on the TV as soon as she got home.

295. She’s tried to give up smoking but just can’t kick the habit.

296. I hope you won’t make a habit of it.

297. Social customs vary greatly from country to country.

298. It was his custom to get up early and have a cold bath.

299. It is the custom in that country for women to marry young.

300. I usually enjoy his films, but the latest one didn’t come/live up to my expectations.

301. Unfortunately, the new software has failed to meet expectations.

302. Some parents have unrealistic expectations of their children.

303. She lives in France but has British nationality.

304. The product sells well both at home and overseas/abroad.

305. If the pain continues, consult your doctor.

306. I need to consult with my colleagues on the proposals.

307. Consult your dictionary if you have any questions.

308. The audience showed its approval by cheering loudly.

309. The new proposals have won the approval of the board.

310. You made a good decision, and I thoroughly approve of it.

311. She’s clever but she lacks ambition.

312. One of her ambitions is to become a doctor.

313. He has at last achieved his lifetime ambition of running a private school.

314. The attack was the latest in a series of incidents in the area.

315. I was invited to their wedding feast.

316. The band’s new album takes up where their last one left off.

317. The table takes up too much room.

318. I won’t take up any more of your time.

319. Her time is fully taken up with writing.

320. They’ve taken up golf.

321. He takes up his duties next week.

322. Their protests were later taken up by other groups.

323. Give out the exam papers, please.

324. They gave out on the radio that the president had died.

325. She gave out a yell at the sight of the terrible accident.

326. Our supply of sugar has given out.

327. My strength gave out after the long walk.

328. That’s not the proper way to stop the machine. You should stop it this way.

329. What’s the correct procedure of renewing your car tax?

330. He’s standing still with his hands in his pockets.

331. It’s easy to have your pocket picked in a big crowd.

332. All members of the club are requested to attend the annual meeting.

333. The teaching staff requested of the head teacher that he should reconsider his decision.

334. They have made an urgent request for international aid.

335. She’s holding up well under the pressure.

336. The construction of the new road has been held up by the bad weather.

337. An accident is holding up traffic.

338. He remarked that it was getting late.

339. The judges remarked on the high standard of entries for the competition.

340. What exactly did you mean by that last remark?

341. The law states that everyone has the right to practise their own religion.

342. It is now generally accepted that…

343. Generally, Japanese cars are very reliable and breakdowns are rare.

344. She finds the divorce too upsetting to talk about.

345. One major difference between these computers concerns the way in which they store information.

346. What concerns me most is our lack of preparation for the change.

347. I have enjoyed my visit very much, and would like to thank all the people concerned.

348. As far as I’m/we’re concerned, you can go whenever you want.

349. He asked several questions concerning the future of the company.

350. I haven’t the slightest idea (= I have no idea) what you’re talking about.

351.--- Do you mind if I open the window?----Not in the slightest/least. (=Not at all)

352. She was shaking with laughter/anger/fear.

353. Shake the bottle before taking the medicine.

354. They shared the work equally between them.

355. We went on a guided tour round/around/of the castle.

356. The project has been given the government’s seal of approval.

357. Only drink bottled water and check the seal isn’t broken.

358. Make sure you’ve signed the cheque before sealing the envelope.

359. She gave the police a full account of the incident.

360. The diaries contained detailed accounts of the writer’s experiences in China.

361. She retired early on account of ill health.

362. On no account should the house be left unlocked.

363. The company takes accounts of environmental issues wherever possible.

364. Coursework is taken into account as well as exam results.

365. The poor weather may have accounted for the small crowd.

366. How do you account for the show’s success?

367. All passengers have now been accounted for.

368. The Japanese market accounts for 35% of the company’s revenue.

369. He hid his hatred under a mask of loyalty.

370. He carved the wood into the shape of a bird.

371. The country is governed by elected representatives of the people.

372. He accused the opposition party of being unfit to govern.

373. Prices are very much governed by market demand.

374. All his decisions have been entirely governed by self-interest.

375. She’s still hunting for a new job.

376. The hunt is on for a suitable candidate.

377. Is he learning an instrument?

378. The plain fact is that we just can’t afford it.

379. Explain it in plain English, please.

380. The thief was caught by a policeman in plain clothes.

381. Spread the map out flat on the floor.

382. Children from the flats(=the block of flats) across the street were playing outside.

383. We got a flat (flat tyre) on the way home.

384. The aim is to give people more power over their own lives.

385. It is not within my power to help you.

386. The drug may affect your powers of concentration.

387. There was a power failure/cut last night.

388. The police and the army have been given special powers to deal with the situation.

389. People say that Britain is no longer a world power.

390. The scientist referred to the discovery as the most exciting new development in this field.

391. The figures in the left-hand column refer to our overseas sales.

392. Let me just refer to my notes to find the exact figures.

393. The new law does not refer to land used for farming.

394. The shop referred the complaint back to the makers of the articles.

395. The star refers to items which are intended for the advanced learners.

396. Do you know how to operate the heating system?

397. The machine is not operating at maximum efficiency.

398. Our company operates in several countries.

399. The new law operates against us/doesn’t operate in our favor.

400. Some people can only operate well under pressure.

401. We will have to operate on his eyes.

402. Doctors performed an emergency operation on her.

403. The police have launched a major operation against drug suppliers.

404. We’re deeply honored that you should agree to join us.

405. The president honored us with a personal visit.

406. It was a great honor to be invited here today.

407. Did you come to London to see your family, or for business purposes?

408. I haven’t got a pen, but a pencil will serve the same purpose.

409. Our campaign’s main purpose is to raise money.

410. He did it on purpose, knowing it would annoy her.

411. His coat was so long that it was almost touching the floor.

412. He hasn’t touched the money his aunt left him.

413. What he said really touched my heart.

414. All this information is readily available at the touch of a button.

415. Are you still in touch with your friends from college?

416. The violence was the result of political and ethnic conflicts.

417. She found herself in conflict with her parents over her future career.

418. She proved herself a worthy successor of the former champion.

419. No composer was considered worthy of the name until he had written an opera.

420. The performance is really worthy to be remembered.

421. There’s a plan to cut the company’s labor force.

422. Attendance on the course is purely voluntary.

423. He volunteered for guard duty.

424. Jenny volunteered to clear up afterwards.

425. This work costs us nothing: it’s all done by volunteers.

426. Unlike the American , the British press operates on a national scale.

427. It is important that students develop an awareness of how the Internet can be used.

428. There was an almost complete lack of awareness of the issues involved.

429. Draw a circle and write your name in it.

430. She drew the doctor aside to discuss her mother’s illness.

431. They drew their wages every Friday.

432. The play is drawing big crowds.

433. Her shouts drew the attention of the police.

434. They drew courage from his example.

435. We should draw some lessons from the accident.

436. You will be fined the sum of $200 if you break the rule.

437. The sum of 7 and 12 is 19.

438. I had to spend a large sum of money to get it back.

439. The hospital is trying to raise funds for a new kidney machine.

440. The projects have been cancelled because of lack of funds.

441. The scientists’ search for a cure for the disease is being funded by the government.

442. The disease is in urgent need of medical attention.

443. The poverty-stricken area made an urgent request for international aid.

444. He’s good at his job but he seems to lack perseverance.

445. There was no lack of volunteers.

446. The reasons for my decisions are set out in my report.

447. I think you’re deliberately setting out to annoy me.

448. The meal was set out on a long table.

449. First, allow me, on behalf of all my classmates, to express our thanks to you.

450. He comes from a remote village in the hills.

451. I’m afraid your chances of success are rather remote.

452. The information ought to be made more accessible.

453. The island is accessible only by boat.

454. Students need easy access to books they want.

455. Her ex-husband has access to the children at weekends.

456. After two hours’ frustrating delay, our train at last arrived.

457. I’m feeling rather frustrated in my present job; I need a change.

458. The bad weather frustrated our hopes of going out.

459. If only I were 10 years younger now.

460. If only I had gone by taxi yesterday.

461. This is a matter of individual conscience.

462. The book aims to cover all aspects of city life.

463. The house has a south-facing aspect.

464. We should consider a problem in all its aspects.

465. My time is precious; I can only give you a few minutes.

466. Don’t remind me of that awful day-I made such a fool of myself.

467. The sight of the clock reminded me that I was late.

468. Remind me to write to Mother.

469. The flood victims received money and clothes from several charities.

470. The painting comes from his private collection.

471. The first stage in research is data collection.

472. The total collection last week amounted $500.

473. Her new book is a collection of short stories.

474. We’ll have to face the facts---we simply can’t afford a holiday this year.

475. The main difficulty that faces us today is of supplying food to those in need.

476. When we faced her with all the evidence, she admitted the crime.

477. The house faces a park.

478. She is faced with a tough decision this time.

479. The country is involved in a border incident.

480. Running a car is a big expense.

481. You can claim back your travel expenses.

482. The results are well worth the expense.

483. They need financial help to meet the expenses of an emergency.

484. We were taken out for a meal at the company’s expense.

485. He built up the business at the expense of his health.

486. The price was somewhat higher than I’d expected.

487. We followed the river back to discover its source.

488. The faulty connection is the source of the engine trouble.

489. What is their main source of income?

490. Your local library will be a useful source of information.

491. Petrol is no longer a cheap fuel.

492. The heart is a kind of natural pump that moves the blood around the body.

493. She has gone to fetch the kids from school.

494. My car broke down on my way home yesterday.

495. Please state your name, address and occupation.

496. She was born in France during the German occupation.

497. Writing occupies most of my spare time.

498. She occupied herself with routine office tasks.

499. Problems at work continued to occupy his mind for some time.

500. The president occupies the position for four years.

501. His arguments forced them to admit he was right.

502. We had to force the window open because we had forgotten to bring our keys.

503. I never force my ideas upon anyone else.

504. I thought their smile was rather forced.

505. The thief took the money from the old man by force.

506. Use whatever means you can to persuade him.

507. We express our thoughts by means of words.

508. The quickest means of travel is by plane.

509. The company’s commitment to providing quality at a reasonable price has been vital to its success.

510. A career as a teacher requires one hundred percent commitment.

511. Heavy snow has caused total chaos on the roads.

512. The house was in chaos after the party.

513. She burst into tears and fled at this sight.

514. He was caught trying to flee the country.

515. Many people around the world die of starvation during famines every year.

516. She and I are colleagues: we work in the same unit.

517. There’s a vacant place over there where we can park.

518. The job was advertised in the ‘situations vacant’ column in the newspaper.

519. Students often find temporary jobs during their summer holidays.

520. The patient is being treated in the local clinic.

521. George got hold of the dog by its collar.

522. Where have you been? I’ve been trying to get hold of you all day.

523. It’s almost impossible to get hold of tickets for the final.

524. There may be some minor changes to the schedule.

525. Women played a relatively minor role in the organization.

526. The cut will soon heal up/over.

527. He was healed of his sickness.

528. The patient was asked to take some medicine to prevent the bacteria from spreading.

529. Mary was cutting the grass, and meanwhile, Adam was planting trees in the garden.

530. In the storm, I took shelter under the big tree.

531. These plants must be sheltered from direct sunlight.

532. They were anxious to find shelter for the night.

533. People were desperately seeking shelter from the gunfire.

534. Please ask a member of staff for directions to the nearest terminals.

535. The police put up barriers to control the crowd.

536. Lack of confidence is the biggest barrier to investment in the region.

537. We’re now living in great comfort.

538. We can take comfort from the fact that the situation is not actually getting worse.

539. I tried to comfort Mary after her mother’s death

540. I don’t think it makes a lot of difference what color it is.

541. “Shall we go on Friday or Saturday?” “ It makes no difference to me.”

542. A few kind words at the right time makes all the difference.

543. The traditional backpack with a difference---it’s waterproof.

544. The minister refused to comment on individual cases.

545. Respect for individual freedom is advocated in that country.

546. Treatment depends on the individual involved.

547. She wears very individual clothes.

548. The rights of the individual are perhaps the most important rights in a free society.

篇10：module6 unit1-2 翻译句子(译林牛津版高二英语选修六教案教学设计)

1. 我生他的气，因为他不停地打断我的话。( annoy)

2. 那个有罪的人羞愧地低下了头。( in shame)

3. 这种纸容易撕破。

4. 我在办公室里抽烟你介意吗？（3种）

5. 这些年轻学生们越干越有劲。( energetic)

6. 她和家人分开住。

7. 他把他的一生奉献给了教育事业。(devote)

8. 你的到场将使他振作起来。（presence）

9. 听到那个消息他们都感到振奋。

10. 我对意外事故的伤害者感到同情。(sympathy)

11. 他佩服我的勇气。(admire)

12. 人们赞美他是一位英雄。 (admire)

13. 老师的话对他是极大的鼓舞。（encouragement）

14. 他在老师的指导下做了这些工作。（guidance）

15. 这很难说；得看情况。(depend)

16. 她很担心她生病的母亲。(concern)

17. 你体验过真正的饥饿吗？

18. 他帮助他父亲洗车子。（ assist）

19. 我一到达就给你写信。（the instant）

20. 考试不能促使学生去追求更多的知识。（motivate sb to do sth）

1. I was annoyed with him because he kept interrupting.

2. The guilty man bowed his head in shame.

3. The paper tears easily.

4. Do you mind if I smoke in the office?

Do you mind my smoking in the office?

Do you mind if I smoked in the office?

5. The more the young students worked, the more energetic they became.

6. She lives apart from her family.

7. He has devoted his whole life to the educational course.

8. Your presence will cheer him up.

9. They all cheered up at the news.

10. I felt sympathy for the victims of the accident.

11. He admired me for my courage.

12. He was admired as a hero.

13. The teacher’s words were a great encouragement to him.

14. He did the work with his teacher’s guidance.

15. That/It (all) depends

16. She is very concerned about her sick mother.

17. Have you ever experienced real hunger?

18. He assisted his father in cleaning the car.

19. I will to you the instant I arrive.

20. Examinations do not motivate students to seek more knowledge.

篇11：高二英语第八模块第三单元语法(译林牛津版高二英语选修八教案教学设计)

Inversion

Teaching aims and requirements

1. Help students to learn the definition of inversion and when to use the inversion.

2. Students are expected to apply what they have learnt to practical use by finishing relevant exercises.

Teaching procedure

Step 1 General introduction

1. Give some examples of inversion to show what inversion is.

Did you go to visit the Louvre?

Seldom does he paint now.

He did not like the painting. Neither did I.

Note: Inversion is the changing of the order of the words in the sentence. We put the predicate or part of it before the subject, when we use inversion.

Step2 Explanation

倒装句（Inversion）

一、定义

英语句子的自然语序是主语+谓语。为了强调句中的某一部分把原来的语序重新调整，通常将谓语或谓语的一部分置于主语前。

二、倒装类型

1. Local negation

1) In a question

Did you go to visit the Louvre Museum?

What do you know about Van Gogh?

2) When the sentence begins with a negative word or phrase such as never, seldom, rarely, little, hardly, not, nowhere, scarcely, not until, by no means, in no time, under no circumstance, no sooner…than…, hardly… when…, not only…, neither

I can’t swim; neither can he.

Little does he care about others.

Never shall I forget the day when I met Mr. Wang in the countryside.

At no time is smoking permitted in the meeting room.

Hardly had he got into the room when the telephone rang.

Not a mistake did he make.

No sooner had I got home than it began to rain.

Not until then did he realize his own fault.

3) When only is used to modify an adverbial (clause) and put at the beginning of a sentence.

Only in this way can you solve the problem.

Only when he told me did I realize what trouble he was in.

Note: Inversion should not be used when only modifies the subject.

Only he can solve the problem.

4) When the sentence begins with so/such.( which introduces an adverbial clause of result)

So angry was he that he couldn’t speak.

Such a lovely girl is she that we all like her.

5) When the sentence begins with so, neither, nor.

He has been to Beijing. So have I.

If you don’t go there tomorrow, neither / nor will/shall I.

---He works hard.

---So he does and so do you.

Note: If a sentence has 2 or more predicates, we should use ‘It is/was the same with…’, or ‘So it is/was with…’

She is clever and always works hard. So it is with/It is the same with her brother.

6. When a sentence begins with ‘often, always, now and then, many a time’

Many a time has she helped me with my experiments.

Always does he ask me for money.

2. Complete inversion

1) When the sentence begins with a direct speech or part of it.

“I’ll come back in three days,” said Tom..

“What are you doing?” he asked (asked he).

“Why didn’t you join us?” Tom asked me.

2) When the subject is too long.

Present at the meeting were many important persons.

Gone are the days when women were looked down upon.

3) There be/ appear to be/ come/ happen to be/ lie/ live/ occur/ remain/ seem/ seem to be/ stand/ used to be…结构中

There appears to be no doubt about it.

There lies a lake near our city.

There seems little difference between the two words.

4) When the sentence begins with here, there, now, then, in, out, up, down,

away, off, thus, etc.

Here comes the bus.

There goes the bell.

Note:

1) If the subject is a pronoun, we can not use inversion.

Here he comes.

2) Simple present tense should be used with here, there, now

5) A sentence beginning with prepositional phrases.

On the top of the hill stands a temple.

At the end of the valley lies a small lake.

6) When such is used as predicative.

Such were the facts.

Such will be our future.

3 Inversion can also be used in formal language to talk about unreal conditionals.

Had it not been for the heavy rain, we would have finished the task.

Were I you (= If I were you), I would go abroad.

Should he come (=If he should come), please tell him to ring me up.

Were it to rain tomorrow, I would stay at home.

4. In the sentences containing the conjunctions like though, as, however.

Clever as he is, he doesn’t study well.

Child as he is, he knows a lot.

Try as she might, she failed.

However late he comes back home, his mother will wait for him.

5. When a sentence expresses good wishes.

May you succeed.

Long live the friendship.

Step 3 Translate the following sentences.

1. 虽然他是个孩子，但他懂得很多。

Child as he is, he knows a lot.

2. 只有用这种方式我们才能提高我们的英语水平。

Only in this way can we improve our English.

3. 如果明天下雨的话，我们将不开会了。

Were it to rain tomorrow, we wouldn’t have the meeting.

4. 我一回来就开始烧饭了。

Hardly had I got back when I started cooking.

5. 直到他失去健康，他才意识到好的身体意味着什么。

Not until he lost his health did he realize what good health meant.

Step4 Language points

1.twist one’s ankle 扭伤脚

2.make a reservation 预定

reservation n [C] 预定,预约;保留意见

We have reservations in the name of Smith.

They support the measures without reservation.

reserve v ~ sth (for sb/ sth) 预定;保留

I’d like to reserve a table for three.

These seats are reserved for special guests.这些座位是留给贵宾的。

book v 约定座位、房间、票等。美国用reserve.

The performance is booked up.

The secretary has booked the manager in the Hilton Hotel.

Order 主要指订货或餐馆点菜、饮料等。

I ordered a beer and a sandwich.

I have ordered some new furniture from the shop.

3.fantastic adj.

1) excellent 极好的

She is a fantastic swimmer.

2) Very large巨大的；异乎寻常的

Their wedding cost a fantastic amount of money.

3)wild and strange荒诞的

They made up a fantastic story.

Step 5 Practice

1. Read part A on page41 and underline the inversions included in the text.

Keys:

1) Aunt really enjoyed France and so did I.

2) Hardly had we left the dormitory the next morning when we realized we had forgotten our map in the room.

3) Had you come with us, I think you would have enjoyed Europe too.

4) Is there anything special that I can bring you?

2. Read part B and invert the sentences using the structures with the negative words..

Keys:

1) Never have I seen such beautiful flowers in the city.

2) Neither do I have time to go to the museum today and nor do I want to.

3) Hardly had I started to look at the paintings when the teacher said it was time to leave the museum.

4) The artist is always drawing; seldom is he seen without a notebook in his hand.

Step 6 Consolidation

1. Finish workbook exercises,

2. Some extra exercises on reference books.

Homework

1. Finish relevant exercises

2. Finish C1 and C2 on page 118.

篇12：M7 Unit4 单元测试.doc(译林牛津版高二英语选修七教案教学设计)

I. 单词拼写10%

1. He works day and night to earn enough money to p___________ a house.

2. She d____________ a large sum of money to the charity.

3. Would you like to work as a volunteer in a _____________(遥远的) poor village.

4. The Great Wall is one of the seven ____________(奇迹)in the world.

5. I’ve included some photos which will help you __________(描绘)the place I talk about.

II. 词组翻译60%

1.收到某人的来信 11. 听说……的事

2. (河流等)干涸;(供应、思路) 枯竭 12.(使)变干，干透

3.渴望某事 13.某人没必要做某事

4.渴望做某事 14.胜任/由……负责

5.适应，适合 15.有关系/有影响

6.偶然遇见／发现 16.说出…的差别

7.过来 17.伸出/突出

8.难怪，怪不得 18.相继去世

9.在困难中，在危机中 19.灭绝

10.与……有关 20.轮流做某事

II. 单项选择30%

1. Sue is good at .singing and her voice sounds _________.

A. soft B. softly C. sweetly D. well

2. Do you remember the chicken farm _____ we visited three months ago?

A. where B. when C. that D. what

3. I ______ my university professor in the supermarket near my house, which was out of my expectation.

A. came out B. came across C. came about D. came along

4. Students are encouraged to _________ the design competition for robots at the university.

A. take part B. operate C. join to D. participate in

5. After Yang Liwei succeeded in circling the earth, Chinese astronauts __________ walk in space.

A. anxious to do B. eager for C. are dying to D. are longing to

6. With the guide _______ the way, we finally got to the village which we were looking for.

A. led B. leading C. to lead D. had led

7. The reason ______ at the meeting for being late was not reasonable.

A. why he gave B. what he gave C. he gave D. on which he gave

8. I'll never forget the years ______ I lived in the country with the farmers, ______ has a great effect on my life.

A． that, which B． when, which C． which, that D．when, who

9. The plan has to be _______ to meet the real situation.

A. adjusted B. adapted C. produced D. refounded

10. The hill ________ is covered with trees is called Mang Hill.

A. of which top B. whose the top C. whose top D. top which.

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牛津模块6 Unit 3 全单元教学设计(译林牛津版高二英语选修六教案教学设计)

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